GROUP 8

BERTRAND NITO EKA NOBELDY A1B019078

NABIL ALKINDI A1B019074
 Presentation for everyone
Words and culture

Remember me

Log In
 THE TOPICS

<
Home

Search

Playlist

Topic
3. Taxonomies
Subtopic 1
1. Whorf 2. Kinship
Subtopic 2

Subtopic 3

6. Taboo and
4. Color 5. Prototypes
euphemish
 < >

<
Home

Search 1. Whorf
Playlist
START FOLLOWING …
Topic
OVERVIEW REVIEW PHOTO
Subtopic 1
1. Whorf
Subtopic 2
• In the structure of language, Edward whorf argues that the structure of a language
Subtopic 3 determines the way its speakers view the world.
• Speakers of hopi and SAE have different views of the world because of the languages
they speak .
• The kwakiult of british clumbia must indicate whether a stone is visible or not to the
speaker at the time of speaking, as well as its position relative to another speaker, the
listener, or a third person.
<
 < >

<
Home

Search 2. Kinship
Playlist • The kinship system of the njamal, a tribe of
Australian aborigines, provides the key to
understanding why they use different terms for
different terms for different groups of people.
Topic
• When a term like father, brother is used in a
Subtopic 1 kindship system, it carries with it ideas about
how such people ought to behave toward others
Subtopic 2 in the society that uses that system.

• The profound social change in Russian society

Subtopic 3 in the last century produced certain changes in
Russian kinship designation.
<
 <
Home

Search 3. Taxonomies
Playlist

START FOLLOWING …
Topic

Subtopic 1 • The above discussion of kinship terminology shows how basic certain systems of
classification are in language and society.
Subtopic 2
• People also use language to classify and categorise various aspects of the world in
Subtopic 3 which they live, but they don’t always classify things the way scientists do; they often
develop systems that we call “folk taxonomies” rather than scienfic classifications.

• One of the best known studies of a folk taxonomy is frake’s account (1961) of the
terms that the subanun of Mindanao in the southern Philippines use to describe
disease.
<
 4. color
An analysis of the basic color terms found in a
wide variety of languages reveals certain very
interesting patterns. If a language has only two
terms, they are for equivalents to black and
white (or dark and light) The fourth and fifth
terms will be yellow and green, but the order
may be reversed. Finally, as in English, come
terms like gray, pink, orange, and purple. Lucy
(1997) is highly critical of the above claim,
declaring that you cannot find out what 'color'
means to speakers by simply asking them to
label Munsell color chips.
5. Prototypes
A 'prototypical bird' is something
more like a robin, for example, than
it is like a toucan, penguin, ostrich, or
eagle. People do in fact classify
objects of various kinds according to
what they regard as being typical
instances. Hudson's theory suggests
that, when we hear a new linguistic
item, we associate with it who
typically seems to use it and what,
apparently, is the typical occasion of
its use.
 6. Taboo and Euphemism

'Politically correct' language is euphemism

in a new order of society. Orwell's vision of
the future relied heavily on characterizing
inhabitants of that future world as having
fallen victim to its euphemisms. Euphemistic
words and expressions allow us to talk
about unpleasant things and disguise or
neutralize the unpleas- antness, e.g.,
sickness, death and dying, unemployment,
and criminality.