Even & Odd functions

If f (–x) = f (x), so all of the signs are the same), then the function is
even. If you end up with the exact opposite of what you started with
(that is, if f (–x) = –f (x), so all of the signs are switched), then the
function is odd.

In all other cases, the function is "neither even nor odd".

2
Determine algebraically whether f (x) = –3x + 4 is even, odd, or
neither ?
Even function is symmetric about y axis, while the odd function
is symmetric about origin.

f (x) = –3x2 + 4 is symmetric about the y-axis

2 2 2
f (–x) = -3(-x) + 4 = -3(x ) + 4 = -3x + 4 = f(x)
f (x) = 2x3 – 4x is symmetric about the origin

3 3 3
f (–x) = 2(-x) – 4(-x) = 2(-x ) + 4x = -2x + 4x = - f (x)
 Inverse function
Let f be a function whose domain is the set X, and whose image
(range) is the set Y, then f is invertible if there exist a function g with
domain Y and image X, with the property: f(x) = y  x = g(y).

If f is invertible, the function g is unique, which means that there is

exactly one function g satisfying this property (no more, no less). That
function g is then called the inverse of f, and is usually denoted as f −1.

Stated otherwise, a function is invertible if and only if its inverse

relation is a function on the range Y, in which case the inverse relation
is the inverse function.
 Examples
Find the inverse functions for the following: a) f(x) = 3x + 1,
2 3 2
b) g(x) = x , c) h(x) = x – 6x + 12x – 8

y 1
a) Since y = 3x + 1, therefore x = is the inverse function
3
b) For g:    , the inverse function is x = y and g:     ,
the inverse function is x =  y

3 2 3 2
c) y = x - 6x + 12x – 8 = x - 8 - 6x (x-2) = (x-2)(x + 2x + 4) - 6x (x-2) = (x-2)
2 3
(x - 4x + 4) = (x-2) , therefore x  3 y  2 .
 Problems
1- Are the following functions even or odd or neither?

2 m n
a) f (x) = sin (x) + tan(2x) csc x, b) g (x) = a x + b x , m, n are odd numbers,

x2 m n
c) h (x) = cos(x) tan(x) + , d) r (x) = a x + b x , m is odd, while n
x  sec x cot x
is even.

2 - Find the inverse for the following functions

3 (x 2 3x  7)
a) f (x) = (x – 2) + 1, b) g (x) = 5 , c) h (x) = n(x 2  5x  2)
Trigonometric function
Relations of trig. functions
From sine graph, domain: all  , range: [-1, 1] and it is an odd
function.
From the above cosine graph, domain: all  , range: [-1, 1] and it is an
even function.
This function will have a discontinuity where cos x = 0 
(2n  1)  (2n  1) 
x=  , thus the domain =  - {  }, n = 1,2,3,…
2 2
and the range = all  .
The above function will have a discontinuity where sin x = 0 
x =  n , therefore the domain =  - {  n }, n = 1,2,3,… and the
range = all  .
The above function will have a discontinuity where cos x = 0 
(2n  1)  (2n  1) 
x =  , thus the domain =  - {  }, n = 1,2,3,…
2 2
and the range =  - ]-1,1[.
This function will have a discontinuity where sin x = 0  x =  n ,
thus the domain =  - {  n }, n = 1,2,3,… and range =  -]-1, 1[. It
is an odd function and periodic with period 2  .