THE SPIRITUAL SELF

"Quiet the mind and the soul will speak“

–Ma Jaya Sati Bhagavati

Ma Jaya Sati Bhagavati is an American-born

spiritual teacher who is widely known for her
work serving homeless, the poor, and the people
living with AIDS. Ma's teachings are founded in
Hindu philosophy and integrate many faith
traditions.
Her teachings focus on
attaining spiritual fulfillment through selfless
service to humanity.
Spirituality - is defined as "relating to or affecting
the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or
physical things. A spiritual person, on the other
hand, places little importance on beliefs and
traditions and is more concerned with growing and
experiencing the Divine
While a Religious person is someone who believes
in a God or group of Gods and conciously adheres
to the beliefs of his/her religion
 Why is spirituality important?

-Sense of meaningless and lack of

purpose in life can be significant
factors in causing anxiety, depression, and
phobias; however, there is a growing body
and evidence indicating that spiritual
practices are associated with better health
and well-being.
 Contemplative Practice
Meditation Prayer Yoga

Journaling
THE PRACTICE OF
RELIGION BELIEF IN
SUPERNATURAL
BEING AND POWER

RELIGION- define as "The

Belief in and Worship of a
Superhuman Controlling
Power, especially a personal
God or God's "particular
system of faith and worship..
-more than its belief and
practices, religion is an
experience
 THE PSYCHOLOGY BEHIND RELIGIOUS BELIEF

•In 1990 research conducted by Steven Reiss

professor of psychology at the Ohio State
University ,posited a theory on why people are
attracted to religion.
According to Reiss the 16 basic desires that humans
share are
According to Reiss the 16 basic desires that humans share
are.

1.Acceptance 9.Physical activity

2.Curiosity 10.Power
3.Eating 11.Romance
4.Family 12.Saving
5.Honor 13.Social Contact
6.Idealism 14.Social Status
7.Independence 15.Tranquilty
8.Order 16.Vengeance
The four dimensions of religion
The incredible amount of variation between different religions make
it challenging to decide upon a concrete definition of religion that
applies to all of them . Sociologist noted four dimensions that seem
to be present in varying forms and intensities in all types of
religion(Dawson & Thiessen, 2014).These are
1.Belief
2.Ritual
3.Spiritual experience; and
4.Unique social forms of community
 The Major Religions
Judaism Christianity Islam

Hinduism Buddhism
THE CONCEPT OF “DUNGAN” SPIRIT OR SOUL
 Babaylan
-​Philippine indigenous communities recognize a woman (or man) as a Babaylan,
someone who has the ability to mediate with the spirit world, has her own spirit
guides, and is given gifts of healing, foretelling, and insight. She may also have
knowledge of healing therapies such as hilot, albularyo. She is a ritualist, a
chanter, diviner.
Alicia P. Magos
Alicia P. Magos is an
anthropologist and a
professor emerita of
University of the Philippines
Visayas. She had extensive
and published works on the
culture of Western Visayas
especially on the Panay
Bukidnon
How do “Dungan” and “ginhawa” differ?

“Ginhawa” - provides the vital life

“Dungan” - provides the intellect,

emotion, and consciousness
What is the difference between the
soul and the spirit of a man?
 The soul according to some ethnolinguistic
groups of the Philippines.

*LINNAWA *THE TAGBANWA OF

*KADUWA OF THE CENTRAL AND
ISNEG NORTHERN PALAWAN
*THE KANKANAEY *THE ETHNIC TRIBE OF
*KALULUWA IN BUKIDNON
TAGALOG
*ILOKANO HAS FOUR
SOUL SYSTEM
*THE
IBANAG/YBANAG
Rituals and Ceremonies
Rituals -refers to group of actions performed for
their symbolic value.
-a ritual may be performed by a single or a
group of individuals.
Ceremony -is a formal act or ritual (often set by
custom or tradition) performed in observation of an
event or anniversary.
 Where does ritual originate?
Origin Approach History of Religions Approach
-was the earliest form to explain ritual -holds the view that ritual behavior
is an expression of the sacred; it is
-the basic premise of this approach is how the material human connects
that ritual behavior was part of the with the transcendent realm or the
human evolution ultimate reality
 
Functional Approach
-is considered to be the second
paradigm of psychology
-this approach focuses on the function
of the mental processes involving
consciousness
 Classification of Rituals
Imitative Ritual -the meaning of every ritual is based
on some belief system
-these are patterned after myths,
and the ritual repeats the myths or aspects of the myth.

Positive and Negative Ritual

Positive ritual -are mostly concerned with giving
blessings to an object or to an individual

Negative ritual -avoidance

-focus on rules prohibition, which
cover an almost if the person breaks the ritual, it will
result in a dramatic change that usually brings some
misfortune
Sacrificial Ritual -seen as the earliest form of religion
-a religious rite in which an object is
offered to a divinity in order to establish, maintain, or
restore a right relationship of a human being to the
sacred order.

Life Crisis Ritual -is the transition of one mode or

stage of life into another
-this ritual usually defines the life of
an individual