Corruption and it’s Growth

in the Philippine
Administrative System.
Presented by:
Iguiron, Hanz Paul M.
 Overview of Corruption and Anti-
Corruption in the Philippines

Corruption is a significant obstacle to good

governance in the Philippines. A review of recent
literature suggests that all levels of corruption,
from petty bribery to grand corruption, patronage
and state capture, exist in the Philippines at a
considerable scale and scope.
 Overview of Corruption and Anti-
Corruption in the Philippines
The Philippines suffers from widespread corruption,
which developed during the Spanish colonial period.
According to GAN Integrity's Philippines Corruption Report
updated May 2020, the Philippines suffer from many
incidents of corruption and crime in many aspects of civic
life and in various sectors. Such corruption risks are
rampant throughout the state's judicial system, police
service, public services, land administration, and natural
resources.
 Corruption Perceptions Index

The "Corruption Perceptions Index" for the public sector

showed 67 points in the Philippines for 2021. The scale
has a range from 0 to 100. The more corruption rises, the
higher the number is. With this result the Philippines
ranks 118th. So, compared to other countries, it is slightly
below average. Compared to the previous year, in 2021, the
level of corruption slightly raised. In the long term, it has
declined moderately in recent years.
Development of the corruption index in
the Philippines 2003 - 2021
 Causes Of Corruption
The causes of corruption lie in part in political and
cultural reasons. Ineffective law enforcement may further
promote it. It is striking that it is regularly lower in
democratically governed countries (form of government in
the Philippines: Presidential republic). Similarly, higher
corruption occurs predominantly in low-income countries.
In the Philippines, per capita income is 3,640 USD
annually, which is extremely low by global standards. The
cost of living is well below the global average, indicating
massive socioeconomic problems.
 Cases of corruption in the Philippines
2011 Armed Forces of the Philippines corruption scandal -
involving former AFP Chief of Staff Gen. Angelo Reyes and several
other retired military officials.
2013 Senate of the Philippines funds controversy - involving former
Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile and several other senators for
allegedly use of the operating expenses of senators, known as the
Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE).
Priority Development Assistance Fund scam – involving
businesswoman Janet Lim-Napoles and several other linked
politicians.
 Cases of corruption in the Philippines
 Jejomar Binay's alleged corruption scandal – involving former Vice
President Jejomar Binay and several others for the alleged
overpriced contract for the multi-billion-peso Makati City Parking
building II.
 2016 Bureau of Immigration bribery scandal – involving former
immigration deputy commissioners Al Argosino and Michael
Robles for extorting and receiving ₱50 million from business
tycoon Jack Lam, in exchange for the release of his Chinese casino
employees, who were arrested for being illegal aliens.
 Cases of corruption in the Philippines
 Andres Bautista's alleged corruption scandal – involving former
Commission on Elections chairman Andres D. Bautista after his
estranged wife, Patricia, accused him of amassing unexplained
wealth.
 PhilHealth corruption scandal – involving former president and
CEO Ricardo C. Morales and several other officials for the alleged
corruption and anomalies within the agency based on the
testimonies of former anti-fraud legal officer Atty. Thorsson
Montes Keith on July 24, 2020.
 Presidential Anti-Corruption
Commission
(PACC) was an anti-corruption government agency of the
Philippines which existed during the administration of
President Rodrigo Duterte. President Rodrigo Duterte
created the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission
(PACC) through Executive Order No. 43 which was signed
on October 4, 2017. he PACC enables the President to
conduct lifestyle checks and fact-finding on public officials
and employees.
 National Anti-Corruption Coordinating Council

(NACC), a child agency under the PACC, was formed amidst the
COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. The NACC launched the
Project Kasangga: Aksyon Kontra Korapsyon, an initiative to improve
the detection of anomalous transactions amidst scrutiny on the
utilization of the government's funds for the pandemic response by
the Duterte administration.
President Bongbong Marcos abolished the PACC through Executive
Order No. 1 on June 30, 2022 as part of a reorganization of agencies
under the Office of the President.
 Office of the Ombudsman.

The Ombudsman of the Philippines, also known

as Tanodbayan ng Pilipinas, is an ombudsman
responsible for investigating and prosecuting
Philippine government officials accused of crimes,
especially graft and corruption.
 Presidential Commission on Good Government

The (PCGG) is a quasi-judicial government agency of the

Philippines whose primary mandate is to recover the ill-
gotten wealth accumulated by Ferdinand Marcos, his
immediate family, relatives, subordinates and close
associates, whether located in the Philippines or abroad.
 The Sandiganbayan
is a special appellate collegial court in the Philippines that has
jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt
practices and other offenses committed by public officers and
employees, including those in government-owned and controlled
corporations. The special court was established by Presidential
Decree No. 1486. It was subsequently modified by Presidential
Decree No. 1606 and by Republic Acts 7975, 8249 and 10660. It is
equal in rank to the Court of Appeals, and consists of fourteen
Associate Justices and one Presiding Justice. The Office of the
Ombudsman owns exclusive authority to bring cases to the
Sandiganbayan.
Laws that Penalize Corrupt Acts/Practices and Prohibit
the Giving of Gifts to Public Officers Under Certain
Circumstances.
Republic Act No. 3019
(The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act) is the main anti-corruption law. It
enumerates certain acts of public officers that constitute graft or corrupt practices, or
which may lead thereto,
 
Republic Act 6713
(The Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees)
prohibits public officials and employees from soliciting or accepting, directly or
indirectly, any gift, gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value
from any person:
(a) in the course of their official duties; or (b) in connection with any operation being
regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by, the functions of their
office.
 Laws that Penalize Corrupt Acts/Practices and Prohibit
the Giving of Gifts to Public Officers Under Certain
Circumstances.
Presidential Decree No. 46
(Giving of Gifts on any Occasion) punishes the act of giving, or offering to give, to a
public official or employee, a gift, present or other valuable thing on any occasion,
including Christmas, when such gift, present or other valuable thing is given by reason
of the public official/employee’s position, regardless of whether or not the same is for
past favor or the giver hopes or expects to receive a favor or better treatment in the
future from the public official or employee concerned, in the discharge of his official
functions. Included within the prohibition is the throwing of parties or entertainment in
honour of the public official or employee, or of his immediate relatives.
 
Republic Act 7080
(Plunder) penalizes a public officer who acquires ill-gotten wealth in the total of at least
PHP 50 million through overt or criminal acts.
Thank You…