CHECKING FOR ERRORS

It is important that any errors in transmission are

spotted to prevent miscommunication. Computers
have a number of methods of spotting errors, these
are:

Parity Checks
Check Digits
Check Sums
ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuests)
​Echo Checking
 Parity check

The parity bit system involves first deciding

whether odd or even parity will be used.  This
means that the number of ones and zeros in a
string of bits will even or odd.

When sending data, one single bit is added to

ensure that the data has an odd or even number
of 1s or 0s.
 Parity check

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLuj62Gq-1
I&t=3s
Add a parity bit to get 8 bits
Data Bits (7) Even Parity Odd Parity
Total number 1s is Total number of 1s is
even odd
000 0000 (0 1s) 0000 0000 1000 0000
011 0010 (3 1s) 1011 0010 0011 0010
011 0011 (4 1s) 0011 0011 1011 0011
011 0111 (5 1s) 1011 0111 0011 0111
Parity check
Parity check
 Check digits
A check digit is an additional digit that is
added to the end of a string of numbers.
 The check digit is calculated by processing
each number in the string through an
algorithm, the result is then simply added to
the end. 
 Check digits
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=AdNcGXejJM4
Check digits
Check digits
Check digits
 Automatic repeat request
ARQ is the 4th error checking method that we
will look at.  ARQ is simply a system that is set
up between sender and recipient to ensure that
both parties are aware  of any errors that
occurred during transmission and that the correct
steps are taken to fix the errors
 Echo checking
1.How does it work
Echo checking works using the following steps:The sender will send the
data to the recipient
2.The data received by the recipient is automatically sent back to the
sender
3.The sender will compare the data that they sent with the data that was
returned to them
4.If the two sets of data do not match than an error in transmission has
been identified.