Sciography

Sciography
• projection of shadows,
or delineation of an
object in perspective
with its gradations of
light and shade.

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Light and shadow
• Shadow is formed when
the path of light is
obstructed by an
opaque object
Two types of light
• Daylight and artificial light
• Daylight source is the sun – light rays are parallel to
each other
• Artificial light – position of point source is known.
light rays appear to diverge from the point.
Two types of sciography
Orthographic and perspective
Sciography in orthographic
projection
• Source and direction of
light assumed
• Shadow is generated in
plan and elevation
Sciography in perspective
• Natural light or artificial
light?
• For natural light,
vanishing point for light
rays located
• Artificial light – position
of light source is
marked in perspective

http://www.architecturerevived.com/shadow-in-perspective-drawing-art-technique/
Sciography
For orthographic projection
Light source
• Commonly assume natural light source
• Light rays parallel to each other.
• Angles taken as 45°

Light rays are assumed

to be parallel

Shade occurs when the

form of the object
excludes the light rays
from part of its surface

Surfaces in shade cast

shadows

Shadows of shade line

Light source
• Actual position of sun
for particular location
and time can be
calculated using
sunpath diagram.
• Sun path diagram gives
actual angles
• This actual angles can
be used instead of 45°
to get realistic shadows.
Sun path diagram
Basic rules
Sciography in orthographic projections
Rule 1
• Lines parallel to a plane
• Shadow on that plane will also be parrallel

Line parallel to HP– shadow on HP

Line parallel to VP – shadow on VP is parallel to the line
is parallel to the line
 Rule 2
• Lines perpendicular to a plane
• Shadow on that plane will be inclined – in the same
direction as the light

Line perpendicular to HP –
shadow on HP is inclined in the
direction of light

Line perpendicular to VP –
shadow on VP is inclined in the
direction of light
Rule 3
• When shadow of a line falls on both planes
• Rule 1 + Rule 2
• Shadow will be parallel on the plane to which the
line is parallel
• And inclined on the plane to which it is
perpendicular
 Line parallel to VP and
perpendicular to HP

Shadow on VP is parallel to
the line

The direction of the shadow

Elevation changes at the intersection
of the planes
Plan

Shadow on HP is inclined in
the direction of light
Line parallel to HP and
perpendicular to VP
Shadow on VP is inclined in
the direction of light

The direction of the shadow

Elevation changes at the intersection
of the planes
Plan

Shadow on HP is parallel to
the line
Rule 4
• Point (object) touching a plane
• Shadow will be at the same point.
The point on VP and
its shadow are at the
same place

The point on HP and

its shadow are at the
same place
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