BASEMENT DESIGN / GRID / STRUCTURE
-PRESENATION BY
SAMA HAIDER
YOGITA MAURYA
NAMYA KASNRA
MANAV
2.9 Modular Grid
A rectangular coordinate reference system in which the distance between
consecutive lines is the basic module or a multimodule.
This multimodule may differ for each of the three orthogonal dimensions of the grid, two
in plan and one in vertical direction.
4.2.2.6 External walls of basement and plinth
In case of external walls of basement and plinth, stability requirements of 4.2.2 may be
deemed to have been met with, if
a)bricks used in basement and plinth have a minimum crushing strength of 5 N/mm2 and
mortar used in masonry is of Grade M1 or Better
b) clear height of ceiling in basement does not exceed 2.6 m;
c) walls are stiffened according to provisions of
d)in the zone of action of soil pressure on basement walls, traffic load excluding any
surcharge due to adjoining buildings does not exceed 5 kN/m2 and terrain does not rise;
and
e)minimum thickness of basement walls is in accordance with Table 4. However, if
percentage opening in the basement wall for purposes like ventilation are more than 25
percent, then stability analysis/check need to be performed particularly for resistance to
seismic loads.
Sunken courtyard
Sunken courtyard up to 3 m in depth from the ground level as light
Well within building envelope shall be permitted for light and ventilation for
basement area, provided all concerns relating
to drainage are taken care of.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
The basement shall have the following requirements:
a)Ev ery basement shall be in ev ery part at least 2.4 m in height from the
floor to the underside of the
roof slab or ceiling.
b)Adequate v entilation shall be prov ided for the basement. Any deficiency
may be met by providing
adequate mechanical v entilation in the form of blowers, exhaust fans, air
conditioning
systems, etc.
c)The height of the ceiling of any basement shall be minimum 0.9 m and the
maximum, 1.2 m abov e
the av erage surrounding ground lev el.
d)However, in case of parking, mercantile or business occupancy at
ground floor, minimum height of
the ceiling of the basement may be 0.3 m abov e the av erage surrounding
ground lev el subject to
mechanical v entilation being
prov ided. BASEMENT
(d) The main and alternative staircase prov iding access and exit from higher
floors. Where
the staircase
is continuous in the case of buildings serv ed by more than one staircase, the
same shall be of enclosed
type serv ing as a fire separation from the basement floor and higher floors.
Open ramps shall be
permitted if they are constructed within the building line. e) For all public
buildings and uses including group housing, hav ing basement going up to
more than one
lev el, access to all lev els shall also be provided through lift.
CRITERIA FOR THE QUALITY MULTI STOREY CAR PARK
• safety in use
• clear v isibility
• parking
• space marking to enable driv ers to remember the location of their v ehicles
• integration into the context of town planning-
• clear v iews to the outside-
• good natural lighting and v entilation
TURNING RADIUS OF A STANDARD CAR
OV ERALL STANDARD DIMENSIONS OF A CAR
TYPES OF PARKING AND LAYOUTS
PARALLEL PARKING :
parallel parking requires experience, confidence, and
patience
• Parking spaces (min );
7.5 meters long
2.75 met ers
wide.
Advantages
•Works well in extremely narrow, linear spaces
•Requires minimum pavement
area Disadvantages
•Difficult maneuvering for most drivers
•Less than ideal visibility of adjacent traffic
•Inefficient use of on-street space
90 DEGREE
effective in low turnover rate or long term parking areas, the
perpendicular, or 90 degree parking configuration is the most
efficient and economical since it accommodates the most
vehicles per linear meter.
60 DEGREE:
- ideal for a fast turnover rate or
predominantly short term use - often offset
by difficulties of inefficient circulation
patterns and one-way aisles
45 DEGREE :
The 45 degree angled parking
configuration displays similar benefits
and limitations as the 60 degree.
For physically handicapped :
Minimum Width of Parking Aisle
A parking aisle refers to an access lane or driv eway with adjacent parking
stalls. Parking angle is the angle measured between the longer side of the
parking stall and the line of traffic flow of the aisle. Traffic Flow refers to the
direction of v ehicle mov ement. The minimum width of parking aisle shall be as
follows:
Minimum Dimensions for heavy vehicle parking
FLOOR SYSTEM :
1) SPLIT-LEVEL OR STAGGERED FLOOR SYSTEMS
•Floor levels in one section is staggered
vertically by one half story from those in
adjacent sections
•Applicable to small, high-cost sites where
maximum use of space must be achieved.
Advantages -
•Construction is relatively simple
•The design fits well on rectangular sites
•Efficient in terms of floor space per vehicle
parking stall
Disadvantages -
•Frequent conflicts may arise between
circulating traffic and parking and un-parking
vehicles
2) SLOPING-FLOOR SYSTEMS
•Consist of sloping levels (full width
ramp/continuous ramp)
•Contains two adjacent parking modules tilted
in opposite directions
•Well-suited to self-park operations
Advantages -
•The relatively flat floor slope permits
comfortable parking and pedestrian walking
•Each entering customer has an opportunity
to park in the first available space as parking I
s adjacent to the interfloor circulation system
•Floor-to-floor travel distance is greater in
sloping-floor garages than in other types of
ramp garages
Disadvantages -
•Cause congestion during peak out-bound
movements
2.1 For Damp-Proofing of Basements -
The damp-proofing work shall be taken up only when the subsoil water lev el is at
its lowest, that is, in dry season. For efficient design and construction of damp-
proofing of basement, it shall be necessary for the designer to have the
following basic information:
a)Anticipated highest water lev el
b)Anticipated water table in rainy season
C)Anticipated rate of change of water table, taking into consideration other
constructional activities, topography of site, etc
D)Anticipated maximum water pressure
E)Chemical composition and bacteriological effects of subsoil water
F)Drawings and design features of the foundation or basement, or both of the
building or the structure so as to facilitate effectiv e application of damp-
proofing treatment
G)Construction schedule for related items of work.
3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The following points shall be taken into account for the effectiv eness of
damp-proofing treatment of the basements:
a)Construction joints as far as possible shall be av oided;
b)In case of expansion joints, adequate supports shall be provided at the
v ertical and horizontal expansion joints to support the damp-proofing
treatment from bursting under water pressure
C)The wall faces shall, as far as possible, be free from obstruction to enable
continuous laying of damp- proofing treatment
D)Damp-proofing treatment shall be external for all new structures. The success
of damp-proofing on the basement is dependent on the structural soundness
of the walls, floors, etc, which shall be designed to withstand external earth
and water pressure without cracking. Sufficient working space shall always be
prov ided which shall in no case be less than 600 mm suitably protected all-
round the basement
E)In the case of reinforced gunite work, dowels shall be used on underground
structures subjected to subsoil water pressure, otherwise the damp-proofing
gunite may be blown of the surface to which it is applied.
Habitable Room Sizes & Ceiling Heights
Habitable rooms shall have an area of no less than 70 s.f. and shall not be less than 7 feet
in any dimension. Habitable rooms, bathrooms, hallways, and laundry rooms shall have a
minimum ceiling height of 7'-0". Finished box-outs for structural or decorative beams,
ductwork, plumbing and electrical systems shall have a minimum clearance of 6'-6", with
a spacing of not less than 4'-0" on center.
Insulation, Partitions & Walls
Concrete foundation walls in finished rooms/areas shall be furred out and
insulated with a minimum of R-8 insulation extending down to the basement
floor slab on basement walls less than 50% abov e grade and a minimum of
R-13 insulation on basement walls that are more than 50% abov e grade.
Ceiling/Floor Draftstopping, Firestopping, Smoke Detectors
Dropped ceilings below wood joists or attached directly to wood floor
trusses shall be draftstopped with "drywall or 3/8" plywood at 500 s.f.
intervals and parallel to framing members.
Firestopping consisting of 2" lumber, minimum 23/32" structural panel, or
approved non- combustible materials shall be provided at the ceiling line
in concealed spaces of stud walls/partitions, including furred or studded-
off spaces of concrete foundation walls and at soffits, dropped ceilings
and similar spaces.
An AC powered, UL listed smoke detector with battery backup shall be
located in the v icinity of all bedroom entrance doors and inside each
bedroom. Prov ide a minimum of one AC powered UL listed smoke detector
with battery backup at the bottom of the stair for basements without
bedrooms.
Parking Spaces and Entrances:
Accessible parking spaces must be provided for each parking structure
associated with the building and calculated separately. At least one of
ev ery 6 accessible spaces, or fraction of 6, in each parking facility must be
sized to accommodate v ans. Accessible spaces must be dispersed among
accessible entrances and be located on the shortest route to the
entrances that they serv e.
Example Plan
The following is representative of a plan of a
ba s ement ga rage l ocated in a high-rise office
bui lding.
Details of Grid Floor
System For The Analysis
A typical grid floor system of
standard dimensions
adopted in practice has
been considered. A
rectangular grid floor of size
9m x 12m with centre to
centre spacing of ribs at
1.5m in both ways having
simply supported ends on
two adjacent sides and
fixed ends on the other two
sides have been assumed.
The thickness of the slab is assumed as 0.1m and the overall depth of the grid beam is
assumed as 0.55m.The width of the grid beam is assumed as 0.15m. The live load on the
floor is assumed as 1.5 kN/m2 as given in IS 875-part 2 (1987). The grade of concrete M20
and steel of grade Fe 415 are assumed.
2.1 Grid Floor Slab
The structure which is formed vertically to support its load and other similar type of load. The
slab must be considerable and stable to bear the dead and its load. To ensure stabilit y,t he
floor needs sufficient vertical supports to address the possible of limbering when it is loaded
by a big loads.
2.5 Grid Floor Plan
The rectangular or square void formed in the ceiling is advantageously utilized for
conceded architechtural lighting,the size of the beams running in perpendicular
directions
3. Grid Foundation
Grid fountains constitute a type of shallow foundation intermediate between combined
footings and rafts ,depicts the progression of possible from of shallow foundations ,all for
same configuration and loading ,but on different soil in other words ,they represent
different soil designs and for the same column data .among the forms on the one end we
have a system of independent footing possible under the best soil conditions (highest
allowable soil pressure) while on the other we have the worst soil condition (in the terms of
the allowable soil pressure) requiring raft to cover the entire building area represents a soil
condition where a system of combined footings for all the columns in the rows .
BASEMENT WATERPROOFING
• To achiev e the performance lev el required, one or a combination of the
following waterproofing systems may be adopted:
• 1)Membrane system
• 2)Integral system
• 3)Cavity/drainage system
1) Membrane system: It prov ides a physical barrier forming a tanking system using
either sheet membranes or liquid membranes or both to the flow of water.
Sheet membranes are preformed, factory-made in rolls, which are bonded or
cast against the substrate to form a continuous membrane by lapping. Side
laps of 100 mm and end laps of 150 mm are common. Lapping may be
achiev ed by torching/flaming, use of bonding compound or self-adhesiv e
membranes.
2) Integral system: It prov ides protection against water penetration based on the
use of admixtures with waterproofing properties in the concrete mix to form
concrete with surfaces that are repellent to water, and/or to fill the capillary
pores hence reduces the permeability of the concrete.
3) Cav ity/Drainage system: A cav ity system allows water to enter the structure,
contain and direct it to sumps from where it is remov ed by drainage or
pumping. Cav ity system is suitable for cases where the use of tanking system,
could result in higher water table.
TYPES OF WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS
