P.S.G.V.P.

MANDAL’S
D.N.PATEL COLLEGE OFENGINEERING,
SHAHADA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING AY (2022-23)

A Seminar On

High voltage direct current transmission line

SUBMITTED BY

Yamini Kanhaiyalal Patil

HOD
SEMINAR GUIDE

PROF. SMT. K. A. PATEL PROF.

PANKAJ R. PATIL
Contents
1. Introduction
2. HVDC Means
3. Why DC Transmission
4. Comparision of HVDC and HVAC
5. Components of HVDC Transmission
6. HVDC System Configuration
a. Monopolar link
b. Bipolar link
c. Homopolar link
7. Advantages of HVDC
8. Disadvantages of HVDC
9. Application of HVDC
10. Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

With the increasing of requirement of electrical power supply

the facilities have to be increased in that transmission plays an
important role.
Here HVDC (high voltage direct current) transmission plays
major role in power transmission.
First HVDC transmission linked between gotland and mainland
in sweden in 1954.
The HVDC transmission has many advantages over HVAC
transmission.
 HVDC MEANS..

HVDC stands for High Voltage Direct Current and is today

a well-proven technology all over the world.
Two AC systems having different frequencies can be linked
up together by means of HVDC link.
HVDC technology is used to transmit electricity over long
distances.
Transmitting power at high voltage and in DC form instead
of AC is a new technology proven to be economic and
simple in operation which is HVDC.
 WHY DC TRANSMISSION ?

Losses are less in DC transmission while comparing to AC

transmission.
Only two conductors are required for DC with positive and
negative polarities.
DC overhead lines or cables are less expensive.
DC lines are useful for long distances above 500km.
DC transmission lines are free from the skin effect. 
 COMPARISON OF HVDC AND HVAC

HVDC(High voltage DC) HVAC(High voltage AC)

 Losses are quite low  Losses are high due to skin effect
 It needs less Insulation  Requires more insulation
 High reliability  Reliability is low
 Asynchronous interconnection can be  Asynchronous interconnection is not
done possible
 Towers are simple and cheaper  Huge towers as compared to HVDC
 Less power is transmitted over long
 More power is transmitted over long distance
distance
HVDC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 COMPONENTS OF HVDC
TRANSMISSION
1. Converter : An HVDC converter converts electric power from
high voltage alternating current (AC) to high-voltage direct
current (HVDC), or vice versa.
2. Smoothing reactors : Smoothing Reactors are used to reduce
the magnitude of the ripple current in a DC system.
3. Harmonic filters : The three distinct sources of harmonics in
HVDC systems are a) Transformer. b) AC Generator. c)
Converter along with its control devices.
4. Reactive power source : Converter stations require reactive
power supply that is dependent on the active power loading.
5. Electrodes : An electrode is typically required in the case of
bipolar and monopolar HVDC.
6. DC lines : The DC transmission is used for transmission of
electric power for long distances.
7. AC circuit breakers : The HVDC circuit breaker is a
switching device that interrupts the flow of normal and
abnormal direct current.
COMPONENTS OF HVDC
TRANSMISSION
HVDC SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

 HVDC Transmission can be broadly classified into:

1. Monopolar link
2. Bipolar link
3. Homopolar link
 MONOPOLAR LINK

• It uses one conductor.

• The return path is provided by ground or water.
• Use of this system is due to cost considerations.
• A metallic return may be used where earth resistivity is too high.
 BIPOLAR LINK
• Each terminal has two converters of equal rated voltage, connected
in series on DC side.
• The junctions between converters is grounded.
• If one pole is isolated due to fault, the other pole can operate with
ground and carry half the rated load (or more using overload
capabilities of its converter line.)
 HOMOPOLAR LINK
• It has two conductors each having same polarity, usually
negative.
• Since the corona effect in DC transmission lines is less for
negative polarity, homopolar link is usually operated with
negative polarity.
• The return path for such a system is through ground.
 ADVANTAGES OF HVDC

• The voltage regulation problem is much less serious for

DC, since only the IR drop is involved. For the same reason
steady state stability is no longer a major problem.
• No skin and proximity and ferranti effect.
• Asynchronous operation possible between regions having
different electrical.
• Line losses in a DC line are lower than the losses in an AC
lines.
 DISADVANTAGES OF HVDC

• The disadvantages of HVDC are in conversion, switching,

control, availability and maintenance.
• There is nothing like DC transformer which can change the
voltage level in a simple way. Voltage transformation has to
be provided on the AC sides of the system.
• The required converter stations are expensive and have
limited overload capacity.
 APPLICATION OF HVDC

• Long distance bulk power transmission.

• Underground or underwater cables.
• Asynchronous interconnection of AC systems operating at
different frequencies or where independent control of systems
is desired.
• A 500V, 1500W, 810Km bipolar HVDC transmission line is
set up between Rihand & Delhi.
• In Vindhyachal back to back link is laid for exchange of
power between Northern & Western regions.
 CONCLUSION

• HVDC offers powerful alternative to increase stability of a power

system, with it power flow can be controlled rapidly and
accurately.
• Use of HVDC to interconnect two points in a power grid, in
many cases is the best economic alternative and further more it
has excellent environmental benefits.
• Very large investment for example in China and India shows that
HVDC.
• Very important in future especially in big, new industrial
countries.
THANK
YOU