MAP READING AND INTERPRETATION

Hints to analyze
(i) Economic activities (xii) Hemisphere
(ii) Social activities (xiii) Vegetation distribution
(iii) Settlement pattern (xv) Nature of vegetation
(iv) Population distribution (xvi) Area
(v) Drainage pattern (xvii) Distance
(vi) Drainage system (xviii) Map scale conversion
(vii)Types of transport (xix) Bearing
(viii)Climate (xx) Types of rocks
(ix) Climatic condition (xxi) Types of settlement
(x) Relief of the area (xxii) Ways of showing relief
(xi) Relief features (xxiii) Type of map used.
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 Kigoma Map sheet 92/3
• ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
- Fishing activity due to the presence of lake
Tanganyika.
- Agriculture due to the presence of scattered
cultivation found in almost the whole map.
- Trade due to the presence of roads, lake,
markets.
- Tourism due to the presence of lake where
tourists visits lake Tanganyika, kigoma bay.
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• SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
- Education services due to the presence of schools
around Kasimbo centre, Kigoma town centre.
- Health services due to the presence of dispensaries
found at Kigoma centre, hospital found at Kasimbo and
Kachoma.
- Administration activities due to the presence of post
office, bank around Kigoma town centre.
- Religious services due to the presence of mission and
church at different areas like Kasimbo centre, Kigoma
town centre.
- Security due to the presence of police office, army camp
found at grid reference 922602.
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• SETTLEMENT PATTERN
- Scattered settlement pattern found at Lemba
where houses built at a distance from one
house to another.
- Nuclear settlement pattern found at Kagera
town where houses built very close to each
other.
- Linear settlement pattern where houses built
along side the road from Musimba center to
Kahabwa centre.

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• POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
- High population around the areas where there
is good social services like Kasimbo centre,
Kigoma town centre, Musimba centre.
- Low population around the areas where there
is hills (highland areas) like Lemba and Kamala.
- There is no population in areas covered by
lake Tanganyika in the southern and western
part of the mapped area.

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• DRAINAGE SYSTEM.
- Dam found around Bangwe forest reserve at
the western part of the mapped area.
- Lake found in south and western part of the
area.
- Rivers found in different parts of the area like
a river from Kamara hill to lake Tanganyika, a
river found at Lemba from Kasazi.
- Seasonal swamp found in the eastern part of
the mapped area.
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• DRAINAGE PATTERN
- Centripetal drainage pattern where water
from the rivers enter the lake like a river from
Kamara hill to lake Tanganyika.
- Dendritic drainage pattern found in NNW part
of the map around Lemba centre.

QUIZ: Use Korogwe map sheet

- Comment on the drainage pattern and
drainage system of the mapped area.
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• TYPES OF TRANSPORT
- Land transport due to the presence of roads,
railway line.
- Water transport due to the presence of Lake
Tanganyika.
QUIZ
Use KASAMWA Map sheet 32/4
Comment on the types of transport shown on
the map.

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• CLIMATE
- Equatorial climate
Reasons
- The area is located at latitude 4050’S
- The area receive high rainfall due to the
presence of seasonal swamp.
- The presence of several rivers on the map.
• CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
- The area receives high rainfall due to the
presence of woodland, seasonal swamps
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• RELIEF OF THE AREA
The mapped area has highland areas and
lowland areas as follows:
- Lowland area is found at southern and
western part of the area where there is lake
Tanganyika. Also the eastern part of the area
there is lowland area because the contours
are very far apart from each other.
- Highland areas found at the center and
northern part of the area where there is hills.

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• RELIEF FEATURES
- Lake shown at the south and western part of
the area.
- Rivers shown at NNW around Lemba centre, a
river flows from Kamara hill to lake Tanganyika
- Hills verified at different parts of the map like
Kamara hill, Bangwe hill.
- Escarpment shown from Kamara hill to Burega
where there is steep slope at Kamara and
gentle slope at Burega.

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• HEMISPHERE
- Southern hemisphere because the area is located
at 4055’S

• VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION
- There is woodland at the East and East-Southern
part of the map.
- There is scattered trees in almost the whole map
except the area covered by lake.
- There is scubs in almost the mapped area except
the area covered by lake.
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• NATURE OF VEGETATION
- Natural vegetation due to the presence of scrubs,
scattered trees and woodland in almost the whole
map.

- AREA COVERED BY SEASONAL SWAMP.

Full square =
Half squares =
Area = Full squares +
Area = X 1Km2

Area = Km2
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 • KASULU SHEET.
(a) The main types of vegetation shown on map
include:-
- Scrubs: They cover the major part of the area
shown on the map.
- Scattered trees: They are sparsely distributed
over the area, mostly in South – East of the map.
- Mangrove trees: They are nearby forests. They
occur near Kasulu in the South East, at the North
East near Kabango, North – West near Tulieni,
etc.
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 • LINDI SHEET
• Possible reasons for the uneven population distribution in the area include:-

- Unevenly distributed facilities such as roads: This kind of

population distribution displayed is linear settlement
pattern, where people have established settlements along
the road running from Lindi via Likonga to Mchinja.
- Agricultural activities: Some areas have dispersed
population as it can be seen in grid reference 77015 and
extreme south – west of the area. This is due to existence
of plots of land on which farming is conducted.
- Urban settlement: Nucleated settlement is seen at Likonga
town 800150 where there is also a dam and pumping
station. Also at grid 798190, there is nucleated settlement
due to road cross. 
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•Climate of the area:
Tropical climate
Evidences:
 - Latitude: The area lies between 9º to 39º N.
- Vegetation: Scrubs which cover a large part of the area indicate
tropical type of climate.
- Crops such as coffee and sugar that are cultivated in the eastern
part of the mapped are indicate that the area receives high amount
of rainfall.
 
•The direction at which river little Ruaha flows:
ANSWER:
River little Ruaha flows from North East (1860m) to south
West (1840m)
 
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NOTE:
- First, we know that rivers flow highlands to Lowlands
to determine a direction of a river there are two things
to observe:-
(i) The heights of the contour lines which cross the river,
i.e. a river will flow from the side with higher altitude
to the Low altitude.
(ii) The V shape sign of the contour lines made on the
valley of the river, i.e. the V sign will point to the higher
altitude from which the river must be flowing.
Therefore, River little Ruaha flows from North East
(1860m) to south West (1840m)
 
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 MTILI SHEET 232/4

• Settlement patterns of the map:-

- There is sparsed/scattered settlement pattern
almost throughtout the map.
- Linear settlement pattern can be observed
along the Fringa – Mbeya road
- Clustered settlement pattern can be observed
at grid reference 495644

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 MTILI SHEET 232/4

• Vegetation distribution from the map.

- There are two forest reserves; the sao Hill in the
south western part of the map and the Msiwasi
in southern part of the map.
- Pine trees are distributed in the western areas of
the map
- Scrubs can be observed everywhere on the map
but concentrated in the north western part of
the map.
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 • SENGEREMA SHEET.
Factors which have determined the population distribution of the area:-
- Availability of social services:Areas with services such as
dispensaries, schools and churches like Nyamizeze, Igulumiki and Jeni
have attracted settlement of many people.
- Transport facilities: The means of transport like roads and tracks have
also attractes people to settle along them eg – the dry weather road
from grid reference 455186 to grid reference 564113.
- Presence of rivers: Areas with rivers have attracted more people as
rivers are sources of water for both irrigation and domestic uses.
- Climate: Climate affects the seasonal swamps which cover most of
the low land areas, and they don’t encourage settlement of people.
- Relief: This includes the highland and lowlands. More people have
settled in the lowlands avoiding the highlands eg – on most of the hills
like Butonga Hills, Nyakuku Hills.
 
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•Outline the importance of scale in a map.
(i) Scale of a map is the relationship between the distance of
the map and the actual distance on the ground.
(ii) Scale in a map therefore helps to convert distances on the
map into actual ground distance like when measuring
distances of roads, a railway or calculation of areas.

• TABORA SHEET 
•The main activities in the area include:
(i) Crop cultivation conducted in different parts of the area.
(ii) Pastoralism or livestock keeping: This is evedent by the
presence of scrubs.
 
 

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(iii) Lumbering is possible due to the presence of forests
in the eastern part of area.
(iv) Fishing activities in a small scale due to the
presence of the Kazima dam and the one on grid
reference 77981.
(v) Tourism is also possible due to the presence of honey
posts like the Livingstone memorial on grid reference
748404 and the Zero on grid reference 792443.
(vi) Provision of social service like education,
communication, health and religious services indicated
by the presence of institution like the schools, hospitals,
dispensaries and radio towers.
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 KIGOMA SHEET
•Factors that have influenced the location of Kigoma town:
- Presence of Lake Tanganyika which facilitates transport
through the herbours, it is also a source of food (fish) and
employment.
- Means of transport eg – the railway, roads and the
pipelines
- Source of power eg – the power station
- Availability of services like dispensaries, schools, markets,
banks and post offices.
- Security due to the presence of the army camp on grid
reference 923603.
- The climate, which allows cultivation of crops
 
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Socio economic activities carried out in the area:
Social activities:
(i) Education - presence of
schools.
(ii)Transport and communication
– presence of roads, railways,
pipelines and telephone lines
(iii) Administrative activities –
presence of local government’s
headquarters, public works
divisions, post offices, prisons
and army camps.
(iv) Religious activities – Presence
of churches and the missions
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•Economic activities:-
(i)Agriculture – Presence of scattered
cultivation all over the area.
(ii) Trade activities – Presence of
market and means of transport
(iii)Small scale Pastoralism – due to
presence of scrubs
(iv) Tourism – Presence of Hills, forest
reserve and the Livingston memoral
(at grid reference 965559).
(v) Fishing - presence of the lake and
a dam (on grid reference 887578)
(vi) Lumbering – due to the presence
of woodlands.
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Qn: Name the types of scales used to construct maps.
- The type of scale used to construct the maps:-
(i) Linear scale
(ii) Ratio scale
•  TABORA SHEET
 Factors that have influenced vegetation distribution on
the area.
First of all, three types of vegetation can be observed
from the map:
• Forests in the eastern part of the map
• Scrubs all over the map
• Scattered trees almost everywhere on the map
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•  This distribution is affected by the following
factors:- 
- Relief: This means the physical configuration of
the mapped are. The slopes of highlands on the
eastern part of the map have encouraged growth
of forests while lowlands have encouraged
growth of scrubs in most areas of the map.
- Rainfall: Areas with high rainfall like the wind
wards side of highlands support growth of
forests, while areas with low amount of rainfall
are covered by scattered trees.
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- Temperature: Areas with high temperatures are
dry and so support scrubs and scattered trees.
- Soil: Rich soils encourage development of
forests while thin and sandly soils support
scrubs.
- Human activities: Natural vegetation has been
cleared up in the built up and cultivated areas.
 

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• The main functions of Tabora town:-
- Administration: This is due to the presence of
local government headquarters, radio towers,
postal offices and police stations
- Provision of social services like education
(schools) medical services (hospitals) and
religious services (churches and mosques)
- Collection and distribution centres: This is
because the town is well connected to the rest
of the areas by roads, railway and telephone
lines
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- Trade centres: This is evident in the presence
of markets and good transport systems.
- Tourism and recreation centres: This is due to
the presence of the Zoo (grid reference
794444)
- Residential areas: The town supports a large
population evident in the presence of
settlements and built – up areas.
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 • Mafinga sheet 232/4.
•The distance of TAZAMA pipeline from grid reference 480786 to
547830.
 SOLUTION.

The map distance (convectional distance) is 16.8cm

 

But from the scale 1cm represents 0.5 km

Then 16.8 cm will represent
 
16.8 cm x 0.5km
1 cm = 8.4 km
Therefore, the distance of Tazama pipeline from grid
reference 480786 to grid reference 547830 is 8.4 km.
 
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• Settlement pattern in the area.
Settlements can be scattered, linear or clustered.
- Scattered pattern of settlement can be observed
almost all over the area indicated by the scattered
huts.
- Linear settlement pattern can be observed along
Iringa – Mbeya all weather road.
- Nuclear settlement patterns are found in small
villages eg – at Mafinga mission, Mafinga National
service camp, military camp near Sangorewe and at
Mafinga.
 
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• How the amount of rainfall influenced the type
of vegetation.
- The mapped area falls between 5 – 20 s which
is characterized by tropical climate or semi
desert. It gets moderate rainfall which varies
from 500mm to 1500mm. This amount of
rainfall is just enough to support scattered
thorn bushes and scrubs which require little
amounts of rainfall.
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 • HANANG extract map.
(a) Change the scale of the map into a statement
scale
(b) Calculate the area of Lake West of Hanang
(Balangida-Murmanang).
(c) Name two methods which have been used to
represent the relief of an area.
(d) Comment on the climate of the area.
(e) Find the bearing of Sidiq Hill (666183) from
Onongneda (685187).
 
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(f) Comment on the nature of the natural
vegetation of the area.
(g) With evidence from the map. Suggest any
three possible economic activities carried out
in the area.
(h) Describe the vegetation distribution of the
area.
(i) In short explain the process leading to the
formation of crater SSW of Hanang.

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 • KIGOMA extract Map.
(a) By using the vertical scale of 1cm to 20m,
draw a cross section from grid reference
910570 to grid reference 932620 and
determine its vertical exaggeration (V.E).
(b) With vivid evidence from the map, mention
the major types of transport shown in the area.
(c) Describe the drainage system of the area.
(d) Apart from fishing activities, use concrete
evidence to name other economic activities
taking place in the area.
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(e) In which hemisphere is the mapped area
located? Give evidence for your answer.
(f) Calculate the area covered by forest in
southern part of the map (south east) in
square kilometers.
(g) Name three physical features found on the
map.
(h) Calculate the area covered by the seasonal
swamp in km?

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(i) Find the distance of the road from 934593 to
968568.
(j) Find the distance of the railway in km from Grid.
910605 to Grid. 022577.
(k) Find the forward bearing of Nondwa point 893622
from Kitwe point 896557.
(l) Explain how Lake Tanganyika shown on the map
was formed
(m) Mention two ways that have been used to
represent relief on the map given.
(n) Explain four economic activities practiced in the
area.
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(o) With evidence, suggest three (3) social services
provided in the area.
(p) With evidence from the map, comment on the
nature of settlement in the area?
(q) What factors have influenced the location of
Kigoma town?
(r) In which way(s)
- The scale of the map has been expressed?
- The contours in the map have been numbered?
(s) What is the direction of Kigoma bay from Mwanga
Grid 930589?
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 • UYOLE extract map (Series Y742)
(i) Name the main features found in the following grid references:
(a) 576134
(b) 690100
(c) 645172
(d) 577142
 (ii) Comment on:
(a) The drainage system
(b) Settlement distribution
(iii) Measure the length of the road from 597163 to 685053.
(iv) Draw a cross section between Ivumwe Hill 553123 and Idunda
616122
(v) Explain the main economic activities in the area.
 
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 • NANSIO extract map (sheet 22/1)
(a) Find the width of Rugezi channel from Rugezi point to
Kisorya point. Give your answer in kilometers.
(b) What factors may have contributed to the growth of
Nansio Township?
(c) Calculate the area of dry land east of Rugezi channel, in
km2.
(d) Determine the bearing of Kabaseika Island for Higogo
Island grid 190670.
(e) A part from contour lines what other method has been
used to show relief of the area shown on the map?.
What is the heighest point shown by this method?
(f) Comment on the relief of the area. 
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 • KASULU extract map (sheet 93/1)
(a) Measure the distance of the all
weather road from grid reference
680015 to Kasulu town which has a
grid reference 774955.
(b) Calculate the area covered by
swamps.
(c) Explain the main types of vegetation
of the area shown on the map.
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(d) What factors influenced the location of
Kasulu town
(e) Explain the main economic activities of the
area.
(f) Change the scale of the map into a statement
scale.
(g) What are the relief features found on the
area?

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 • MAFINGA extract map (sheet 232/4):
(a) Find the distance of TAZAMA pipeline from GR
480786 to GR 547830 in km.
(b) Describe the settlement pattern of the area
shown in the map
(c) Determine the direction at which river little
Ruaha flow.
(d) With evidence state the economic activities
taking place in the area.
(e) How has the amount of rainfall influenced the
type of vegetation shown in the map?
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 • TABORA sheet 118/2:
(a) List down physical and manmade features found in
the following grid references:
(i) 885465
(ii) 866475
(iii) 815393
(iv) 796430
(v) 832430
(b) Measure the distance of the railway line from GR
740447 to GR 833360.
(c) Mention the methods used to show the position on
a map.
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(d) Calculate the area covered by seasonal
swamp.
(e) What is the vertical interval (VI) of the map?
(f) List down the factors that have influenced
vegetation distribution in
the area.
(g) What are the main functions of Tabora town?
(h) Giving examples, account for the main
activities found in the area.

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 • SENGEREMA map (sheet 33/1)
(a) What is the bearing of Ijima Hill (512060) to
Igulumuki Hill (491086)?
(b) Draw a cross section from Nyamabano Hill GR
462146 to Nyamazungo Hill GR 500179.
(c) Use specific examples to outline the economic
activities conducted in the area.
(d) Point out the different factors which have
determined the population distribution in the
area.
(e) Outline the importance of scale in a map.
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 • GALULA map extract.
(a) Calculate the area of the forest in km2 north of
northings 450.
(b) Calculate the length of River Tpwizi in km from
150508 to 125435.
(c) Find the bearing of Tete village 127506 to
Ifwekenye village 160460.
(d) Describe the main physical features found in
the area.
(e) With evidence, show the main economic
activities.
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 • LINDI map extract:
(a) Explain the possible reasons for the uneven
population distribution in the area.
(b) How long in kilometers is the Lindi –
Nachingwea all – weather road (bound surface)
(c) Giving two evidences from the map, name the
type of climate experienced in this area.
(d) How big in km2 is the area covered by the
forest south of grid line 160?
(e) With evidences, what are the social-economic
activities carried out on the area.
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 MALAMPAKA extract map (sheet 49/1)
(i) The school bus travelled for 13.7km North West from Grid.
657440. What would be its destination Grid Reference? Use
linear scale.
(ii) With vivid evidence, identify the climatic region and
climatic condition of mapped area.
(iii) Calculate the area covered by seasonal swamp in km2.
(iv) Explain the distribution of natural vegetation.
(v) Identify any three ways which have been used to represent
relief in
the area.
(vi) Through giving evidence, explain any four economic
activities that might be taking place in the area.
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(vii) Calculate the length of the railway line from
568442 to 586528.
(viii) Comment on the drainage pattern of the area.
(ix) Comment on the infrastructure (communication)
as being influenced by the relief of the area.
(x) What is the back bearing of Bukangilija School
from Malampaka (580536).
(xi) Determine the bearing of 580496 to 650467.
(xii) Convert the linear scale given from the map into
statement scale.
 
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 • MTILI extract Map.
(i) Name the type of scales used to construct the map.
(ii) Comment on settlement patterns of the given map.
(iii) Describe the vegetation distribution seen from the
map
(iv) When visiting the given area what are four
economic activities to be observed? Explain.
(v) Draw an annotated cross – section from (477618)
to 540619.
(vi) Name the type of scales used to construct the
map.

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 • KOROGWE extract sheet 129/2 series Y742.
(a) Change the scale of the map into statement scale.
(b) Calculate the area of part of Korogwe south of
the northings 25.
(c) Find the bearing of Morogoro (Grid 334276) from
Lukoka hill (Grid 409345).
(d) A taxi driver was moving from GR 340328 to a
filling station at GR 421305. Find the distance
covered in kilometers.
(e) Name two ways in which the relief of the area
has been presented.

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(f) Comment on the distribution of the natural
vegetation in the area.
(g) Describe the relief of the area.
(h) Show the relief features to guide the tourists
visiting the mapped area.
(i) Give three reasons which encouraged people
to establish settlement.
(j) In which hemisphere does the area is
located? Give reason.

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 • KASAMWA (sheet 32/4)
(a) Identify two ways that have been used to show relief
on the map.
(b) Draw a relief section to connect Nyabubele Hill at
383834 and Bungwe Hill at 430825.
(c) Identify the length of the all-weather road in km from
grid reference 315844 to 443940.
(d) Find the bearing of Chabulongo Hill at 367917 to a
school at Nyamahuna 349818.
(e) What are the relief features portrayed on the area?
(f) With evidence, name the hemisphere in which the
area is located.
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 • SONGWE RIVER (sheet 244/3)
(i) Calculate the area covered by forest by using
grid square method.
(ii) Measure the length of railway line from grid
reference 040118 to 130122.
(iii) Describe the nature of the relief of the area.
(iv) Name four physical features found on the
map.
(v) Giving evidences from the map, suggest
three economic activities taking place in the
area.
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 • MPWAPWA (sheet 163/4)
(a) Calculate the area covered by the map by using grid
square method.
(b) Describe the vegetation distribution of the area.
(c) Measure the distance of all weather loose surface
road in kilometers from grid reference 138865 to
210966. Use representative fraction scale given.
(d) What is the direction of Mpwapwa town from
Gulwe?
(e) Comment on the population distribution of the area.
(f) With vivid evidence from the map, identify three
major economic activities taking place in the area.
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 • LEMBENI (sheet 73/3 series 742)
(i) Name the types of scales used on the map.
(ii) How big in km2 is the area of the seasonal
swamp east of grid line 570?
(iii) Comment on the drainage pattern shown in the
mapped area.
(iv) What is the bearing of Bambua School 473839
from Ngulu jitengeni 540795?
(v) Describe the relief of the area.
(vi) With evidence from the map, suggest any four
major socio-economic activities taking place in the
area.
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 • MPANDA (sheet 153/3)
(i) Calculate the area of Mpanda in km2 by using grid
square method.
(ii) If the forward bearing of 922060 and 935993 is 60 0 and
1200 respectively. Find the observer’s position in grid
reference.
(iii) Find the distance in km of 922060 from the observer.
(iv) With evidence from the map, outline the social
activities taking place in the area.
(v) With evidence from the map, describe the settlement
patterns in the mapped area.
(vi) Describe the drainage system of the area.
 
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 Uyole sheet 245/3

• ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
- Agriculture due to the presence of scattered cultivation
found in almost the whole mapped area and the
presence of agriculture center found at 578140.
- Trade due to the presence of roads, pipeline like
TAZAMA and the presence of high population in some
centers like Itezi center.
- Tourism due to the presence of forest researve at the
southern part of the mapped area and the presence of
so many hills in the area like Itende hill and Isongwi hill.
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 Uyole sheet 245/3

• SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
- Education services due to the presence of schools at
different parts like a school found at 605170.
- Water supply due to the presence of water pump station
found at Simabwe center.
- Security due to the presence of police office found at 599161
- Administration services due to the presence of agriculture
center.
- Health services due to the presence of dispensaries found at
Igawilo.

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 Uyole sheet 245/3

• SETTLEMENT PATTERN
- Linear settlement pattern found along sides f the
road from Isongole to Uyole center.
- Nuclear settlement pattern found at Ituwa center,
Nsongwi-Mantanji where houses concentrated at
a single area.
- Scattered settlement pattern found in diffferent
parts of the map like North-North-West where
houses built far away from each other.
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 Uyole sheet 245/3

• POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
- There is high population found in NNW part of
the area due to the presence of good social
services like schools and security due to the
presence of pollice office.
- There is low population in the areas covered by
forest and hills.

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 Uyole sheet 245/3

• TYPE OF SETTLEMENT
- Rural settlement due to the presence of forest
reserve and the presence of agriculture as the
main economic activity carried in the area.
• DRAINAGE SYSTEM
- Rivers appered in almost the whole map like a
river found at 632118.

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 Uyole sheet 245/3

• DRAINAGE PATTERN
- Dendritic drainage pattern found at Sanzie grid
reference 632118.
- Trelis drainage pattern found at 668164
around Itewe.
• CLIMATE
- Tropical climate because the area is located at
8055’
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 Uyole sheet 245/3
• CLIMATIC CONDITION
- The area receive low rainfall and high temperature
in most parts because there is no vegetation cover
except the southern part where there is forest due
to the presence of reliable rainfall.
• RELIEF OF THE AREA
- The area is highland due the presence of so many
hills in different parts except the NNW part where
the contours are very far apart i.e low land area.
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 Uyole sheet 245/3
• RELIEF FEATURES
- Rivers found in different parts of the area like a
river found at 668164 and a river found at
632118.
- Hills because contours are closely to each other.
This is verified in several parts like Sanzie hill,
Sintumai hill.
- Forest found at the southern part of the map like
forest reserve.
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 Uyole sheet 245/3
• VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION
- There is forest found in the west and the
southern part of the mapped area.
• NATURE OF VEGETATION
- Artificial vegetation is verified in the area due
to the presence of forest reserve found at
west and southern part.

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 Uyole sheet 245/3
• TYPE OF ROCKS
- Igneous rocks is verified in the area due to the presence pattern
in the area.
• TYPE OF TRANSPORT
- Land transport due to the presence of roads.
• AREA OF THE WHOLE MAP
Full square = 180
Half square = 15/2 = 7.5
Area = Full square + Half square/2
Area = 180 + 7.5 = 187.5
Area = 187.5 X 1km2 = 187.5km2
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 Songwe River sheet 244/3
• ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
- Lumbering due to the presence of forest found in north-
west part of the mapped area.
- Agriculture due to the presence of scattered cultivation
shown all over the mapped area.
- Mining due to the presence of milestone found at 068081
- Tourism due to the presence of hills in different parts of
the area.
- Transportation due to the presence of railway line from
000003 to 130122.
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 Songwe River sheet 244/3
• SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
- Health services due to the presence of
dispensaries found at Ruanda center.
- Education services due to the presence of
schools found in the area like a school found at
Muyovinza center.
- Religious services due to the presence of
churches found in different parts like Mahenje,
Muyovinza centers.
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 Songwe River sheet 244/3
• SETTLEMENT PATTERN
- Scattered settlement pattern found in almost the
whole map where houses built far away from
each other.
- Nuclear settlement pattern found around
Mahenje center where houses built closely to
each other.
- Linear settlement pattern found along side of the
road like a road from Mahenje to Ruanda center.
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 Songwe River sheet 244/3
• POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
- Medium population found in southern part of the area
like Mahenje center.
- Low population is found in almost the whole mapped
area.
• DRAINAGE SYSTEM
- Rivers found in almost the whole map.
• DRAINAGE PATTERN
- Dendritic drainage pattern found in almost the whole
map.
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 Songwe River sheet 244/3
• RELIEF OF THE AREA
- Lowland area in the south-west part of the
area.
- Highland area shown in almost the whole
map.
CLIMATE
- Tropical climate because the area is located at
8055’
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 Songwe River sheet 244/3
• VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION
- Forest found in north-east of the mapped area.
- Scrubs found in almost the whole map.
• WAYS OF SHOWING RELIEF
- Contours are used to show hills, highland areas
and lowland areas in the mapped area.
- Spot height eg. 01578 which is used to show
altitude of the area from the mean sea level.
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 Songwe River sheet 244/3
• RELIEF FEATURES
- Rivers shown in almost the whole mapped area.
- Hills shown in several parts of the area like pande hill.
- Escarpment found in Shenje hill extending through
Isansa where there is steep slope in one side and
gentle slope in the other side.
- Col is found in between two hills a hill found at
018081 and 030071 where railway line is passing
through.

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 Tabora sheet 118/2
• ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
- Transportation due to the presence of roads,
pipeline such as underground water pipeline.
- Trade due to the presence of markets found at
781453.
- Tourism due to the presence of dams.
- Agriculture due to the presence of scattered
cultivation.
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 Tabora sheet 118/2
• SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
- Education services due to the presence of schools
in different parts of Tabora like Tabora center.
- Security due to the presence of of police station
found at 792449.
- Health services due to the presence of
dispensaries, mission.
- Religious activities due to the presence of
churches at Tabora town.
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 Tabora sheet 118/2
• DRAINAGE PATTERN
The drainage pattern found in the area are:-
- Dendritic drainage pattern shown in almost the
whole map.
- Centripetal drainage pattern found in the area
around Kazima dam.
• HEMISPHERE
- Southern hemisphere because the area is located
at 5005’S.
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 Tabora sheet 118/2
• TYPE OF TRANSPORT
- Air transport due to the presence of airport found in
southern part of the mapped area.
- Land transport due to the presence of roads in almost
the whole map and pipeline such as underground water
pipeline from Kazima to Tabora town.
RELIEF FEATURES
- Hills found in west and south-west part of the area like
Mawiti hill.
- Dam found at 885465.
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 Tabora sheet 118/2
• SETTLEMENT PATTERN
- Nuclear settlement pattern found around Tabora
town where houses are concentrated from each
other.
- Linear settlement pattern found along sides of
the road from Pangole to Tabora town.
- Scattered settlement pattern found in almost the
whole map where houses built far apart from
each other.
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 Tabora sheet 118/2
• POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
- There is high population around Tabora town and
Kipalapala center due to the presence of good social
services like schools, dispensaries, security.
- There is low population in almost the whole map
except town centers like Tabora town and Kipalapala
town.
• CLIMATE
-Equatorial climate because the area is located at 5005’S.

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 Tabora sheet 118/2
• VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION
- Scrubs shown in almost the whole map.
- Forest found in western part of the mapped
area.
- Scattered trees found in almost the whole
map.

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 Kigoma sheet 92/3
• ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
- Fishing activity due to the presence of lake
Tanganyika.
- Agriculture due to the presence of scattered
cultivation found in almost the whole map.
- Trade due to the presence of roads, lake and
markets.
- Tourism due to the presence of lake where tourists
visits lake Tanganyika, bay such as Kigoma bay.
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 Kigoma sheet 92/3
• SETTLEMENT PATTERN
- Scattered settlement pattern verified at Lemba
where houses built at a distance from one house
to another.
- Nuclear settlement pattern found at Kagera town
where houses built very close to each other.
- Linear settlement patttern wher houses built
alongside the road from Musimba center to
Kahabwa center.
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 Kigoma sheet 92/3
• POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
- High population around the area where there is
good social services like Kasimbo center, Kigoma
center, Musimba center.
- Low population around the areas where there is
hills (highland areas) like Lemba, Kamala.
CLIMATIC CONDITION
- The area receives very high rainfall due to the
presence of seasonal swamp.
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 Kigoma sheet 92/3
• DRAINAGE SYSTEM
- Dam found around Bangwe forest reserve at the
western part of the mapped area.
- Lake found in south and wester part of the area.
- Rivers found in different parts of the area like a
river from Kamara hill to lake Tanganyika, a river
found at Lemba from Kasazi.
- Seasonal swamp found in the eastern part of the
mapped area.
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 Kigoma sheet 92/3
• DRAINAGE PATTERN
- Centripetal drainage pattern where water from the rivers
enter the lake like a river from Kamara hill to Lake
Tanganyika.
- Dendritic drainage pattern found in NNW part of the
map around Lemba center.
TYPE OF TRANSPORT
- Land transport due to the presence of roads, railway line.
- Marine(water) transport due to the presence of Lake like
Lake Tanganyika.
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 Kigoma sheet 92/3
• CLIMATE
- Equatorial climate
Reasons
*The area is located at latitude 4050’S
*The area receive high rain due to the presence of seasonal
swamp.
HEMISPHERE
- Southern hemisphere because the area is located at 4050’S
NATURE OF VEGETATION
- Natural vegetation due to the presence of scrubs, scattered trees
and woodland in almost the whole map.
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 Kigoma sheet 92/3
• VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION
- There is woodland at the East and East-Southern part of the map.
- There is scattered in almost the whole map except the area
covered by Lake.
- There is scrubs in almost the whole mapped area except the area
covered by Lake.
• RELIEF OF THE AREA
- Lowland area is found at southern and western part of the area
where there is Lake Tanganyika but also the eastern part is lowland.
- Highland areas found at the center and northern part of the area
where there is the hill.

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 Kigoma sheet 92/3
• RELIEF FEATURES
- Lake shown at the south and western part of the area.
- Rivers shown at NNW around Lemba center, a river
flows from Kamara hill to Lake Tanganyika.
- Hills verified at different parts of the map like Kamara
hill, Bangwe hill.
- Escarpment shown from Kamara hill to Burega where
there is steep slope at Kamara and gentle slope at
Burega.

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