Fire Safety

November 11th Jan 2011

Prepaired by
Mohsin Shah
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OBJECTIVES

After this training you should be able to:

UNDERSTANDING of Fire
IDENTIFY common classes of fires and types
APPLY the extinguishing agent correctly
SELECT the proper type of extinguisher
USE AND OPERATION of fire Extingusher
KNOW what to do if you find a fire
Rescue How to rescue a Person
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Fire

Fire is one of the most

destructive, disruptive and costly
causes of damage to facilities
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Disaster

Fire can be responsible

for
• Loss of jobs
• Loss of businesses
• Loss of life
• Serious damage to the environment.
• Many companies go out of business
following a serious fire.
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Reasons of Fire

Most fires start because of

• Poor housekeeping is the greatest
single cause of fire in workplaces.
• Poorly maintained machines may
cause fires
• Wrong Electric wires installation.
• Overloading of Machines
• fires are often the result of not
following instructions, using or
judgment or not following fire safety
rules.
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Reasons of Fire

REMEMBER
It's your responsibility to
keep yourself, your
coworkers and your work
area safe from fire. Your job
and your life may depend
on it!
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How a Fire Start?

Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid oxidation or

burning of a fuel. It needs three elements to occur:

Oxygen

Heat
Fuel
Source
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How a Fire Start?

 FUEL
– Fuel can be any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas.
– Most solids and liquids become a vapor or gas before they will burn.
 OXYGEN
– The air we breathe is about 21 percent oxygen. Fire only needs an
atmosphere with at least 16 percent oxygen.
 HEAT
– Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel
to a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur.
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Heat Source
• Anything which has enough energy to
initiate combustion.
– Electricity: Defective wiring, motors,
switches, circuit breakers...
– Friction: Bearing running dry, grinding,
chiseling, drilling...
– Naked flames: Torch, matches...
– Impact: Steel against steel, steel against
concrete...
– Spontaneous combustion: organic
oil/fiber slowly oxide and heat...
– Cutting and Welding.
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How a Fire Start?

The Fire Triangle

HEAT to reach
ignition temperature
en

He
yg

at
Ox

OXYGEN to sustain
combustion

FUEL or combustible
material
Fuel
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Fire Tetrahedron

• In recent years a fourth side

has been added to the Fire
Triangle. This figure is called
the Fire Tetrahedron
• This figure represent after fire
start and fire self-sustain to
continuous
• fourth side called chemical
chain reaction
• Which responsible for fire
continuous and flaming
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Fire Prevention
• Keep Fuel and heat source isolated

Oxygen
Heat
Fuel
Source
Oxygen

Oxygen Oxygen
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Fire Triangle and Tetrahedron

• If one of the sides of the fire triangle is missing,

the fire will not start.
• The fire triangle forms the foundation for all
methods of fire prevention
• If one of the sides of the fire tetrahedron
is missing, the fire will extinguished.
• The fire tetrahedron forms the foundation for all
methods of fire protection and firefighting
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Fire Product

• FLAME

• SMOKE

• FIRE GASES

• HEAT
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Fire Product
SMOKE
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON PARTICLES
SULFUR DIOXIDE
WATER VAPOR
LIGHT HYDROGEN CYANIDE
OTHER GASES

FLAME
The Four
products of FLAMMABLE
Combustion : HEAT VAPORS

Heat, Light, FUEL

Smoke, & the Fire OXYGEN
OXYGEN
Gases
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Fire Spread
Once a fire has started
and there is sufficient
fuel and oxygen to
sustain it, there are
three ways in which it
can spread through a
facilities: conduction,
convection or radiation.
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(1) conduction.
Heat transferred by direct contact from
one body to another
(2) convection.
heat is transferred by a circulating medium
either a gas or a liquid
(3) radiation.
is a form of energy traveling through
space or materials as an electromagnetic
wave such as light, radio waves or X-rays.
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Fire Classification
Do you know the different types of fire?
• US Classification?
• EU Classification?
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Fire Classification
• Solids Class A (US, EU) Electrical Equipment Class C
– Tires Appliances
– Wood Switches
– Paper Panel boxes...
– Material…
• Liquids Class B (US, EU) Metals Class D (US, EU)

– Diesel Aluminum

– Oil Sodium

– Solvents Magnesium...

– Grease
– Paints...
Remember that it is the vapors of these fuels which burn.
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Fire Classification
• Solids Class A (KSA) Metals Class C
– Tires – Aluminum
– Wood – Sodium
– Paper – Magnesium...
– Material…
• Liquids Class B (KSA) Electrical E (KSA)

– Diesel – Appliances

– Oil – Switches

– Solvents – Panel boxes...

– Grease
– Paints...
Remember that it is the vapors of these fuels which burn.
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Fire Prevention
• Class A - Ordinary combustibles:
– Keep storage and working areas free of trash Place oily rags in covered
containers.
• Class B - Flammable liquids or gases:
– Don't refuel gasoline-powered equipment in a confined space, especially
in the presence of an open flame such as a furnace or water heater.
– Don't refuel gasoline-powered equipment while it's hot.
– Keep flammable liquids stored in tightly closed, self-closing, spill-proof
containers. Pour from storage drums only what you'll need.
– Store flammable liquids away from spark-producing sources.
– Use flammable liquids only in well-ventilated areas.
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Fire Prevention
• Class C - Electrical equipment:
– Look for old wiring, worn insulation and broken electrical fittings.
Report any hazardous condition to your supervisor.
– Prevent motors from overheating by keeping them clean and in
good working order. A spark from a rough-running motor can ignite
the oil and dust in it.
– Utility lights should always have some type of wire guard over
them. Heat from an uncovered light bulb can easily ignite ordinary
combustibles.
– Don't misuse fuses. Never install a fuse rated higher than specified
for the circuit.
– Investigate any appliance or electrical equipment that smells
strange. Unusual odors can be the first sign of fire.
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Fire Prevention
– Don't overload wall outlets. Two outlets should have no more
than two plugs.
• Class D - Flammable metals:
– Flammable metals such as magnesium and titanium generally
take a very hot heat source to ignite; however, once ignited are
difficult to extinguish as the burning reaction produces sufficient
oxygen to support combustion, even under water.
– In some cases, covering the burning metal with sand can help
contain the heat and sparks from the reaction. Class
D extinguishing agents are available (generally as a dry powder
in a bucket or box) which can be quite effective.
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Types of Extinguisher
Water – Water Cone Water Spray
Dry Chemical (Ammonium base)
Class A Solid Carbon Dioxide
Foam

Foam
Dry Chemical
Class B Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Water (Spray under pressure)

Carbon Dioxide
Dry Chemical ( Sodium – Potassium or
Class C Electrical Ammonium base)

Class D Metal Dry Powder (Especial for Metal)

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Different Kinds of Extinguisher

The 4 most common fire extinguishers:

– Water
– Carbon Dioxide
– Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical
– Foam

Each kind of extinguisher has a specific use

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Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
• Large silver fire extinguishers
that stand about 2 feet tall and
weight about 25 pounds when
full.
• APW stands for “Air-Pressurized
Water.”

• Filled with ordinary water and

pressurized air, they are
essentially large squirt guns.
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• Water is never used for fighting fires on electrical

equipment
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Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

• CO2 cylinders are red.

They range in size
from 5 lbs to 100 lbs
or larger. On larger
sizes, the horn will be
at the end of a long,
flexible hose.

A CO2 Fire Extinguisher is not to be used for Class A

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Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers

The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire.

These extinguishers are very effective at putting out fire.
Dry chemical extinguishing agents consist of finely divided
agents that are applied using
• Hand extinguishers
• Fixed systems
The agent may consist of
• Sodium bicarbonate
• Potassium bicarbonate
• Monoammonium phosphate
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Foam extinguishers
• Foam extinguishers, identified by a pale cream panel
• These types of extinguishers all form a foam
• blanket over the fire which excludes the oxygen
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Foam Examples

Angus MEX 1800SF

Bund Pourer
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Fire Fighting Rules

• Procedure
– Raise the alarm.
– Select the suitable fire extinguisher close to you and try it before
going close to fire.
– Check wind direction (use the wind to protect yourself).
– Fight fire at flames base.
– Do not waste fire extinguisher.
– Never turn back after extinguishing a fire.
– Cool the area with water.
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How to use Fire Extinguishers

Always remember PASS

Rule
P: Pull the Pin
A: Aim to the Fire
S: Suqeeze
S:Swip side to side
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• REMEMBER:
– Should your path of escape be threatened,
– Should the extinguisher run out of agent,
– Should the extinguisher prove to be ineffective,
– Should you no longer be able to safely fight the
fire,
– ...THEN LEAVE THE AREA IMMEDIATELY!
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Fire Fighting Rules

Fight It!
• If a fire is small, you may try to fight it after you report it. To fight a
small fire:
• Use the right fire extinguisher.
• Break the seal and remove the pin from the fire extinguisher.
• Stay 8 to 10 feet from the fire.
• Press the lever and aim the fire extinguisher nozzle or horn at the
base of the flames.
• Sweep the base of the fire.
• Don't try to use a fire extinguisher unless you've been trained in which
one to use and how to use it.
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Fire Fighting Rules
Escape It!
• If the fire is large and out of control, escape may be your best
choice:
• Move quickly, but don't panic.
• Don't use elevators. You could get trapped inside if the power
fails. Take the stairs instead.
• Use the evacuation plan for your work area.
• Head for the designated fire exit.
• Use a secondary exit if the first is blocked.
• Close doors behind you as you go.
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Do not Fight The Fire if

1. You don’t have adequate or appropriate equipment. If you

don’t have the correct type or large enough extinguisher, it is
best not to try fighting the fire.

2. You might inhale toxic smoke. When synthetic materials

such as the nylon in carpeting or foam padding in a sofa burn,
they can produce hydrogen cyanide, acrolein, and ammonia in
addition to carbon monoxide. These gases can be fatal in
very small amounts.

3. Your instincts tell you not to. If you are uncomfortable with
the situation for any reason, just let the fire department do
their job.
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The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit or means of escape at your
back before you attempt to use an extinguisher to put out a fire.

In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpected

happens, you need to be able to get out quickly. You don’t
want to become trapped.
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• To avoid panic :
– Each employee should be familiar with :
• Alarms, emergency exits, as well as the
position of extinguishers.
• All the procedures.
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If Some one caught by Fire from Back

What you will Do

• Stop
• Drop
• Roll
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RESCUE

• Rescue is the removal of a person who is unable to escape from a

dangerous situation. rescue people not only from fires but also from a wide
variety of accidents
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When two People Assisting
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When Two People Assisting
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Collar Drag – One Person Rescue
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Two-Rescuer Carry or Lift for unconscious Person
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Two-Rescuer Carry or Lift for unconscious Person
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•The End
•Any Questions