PHYSICAL FEATURES

OF THE UK

GEOGRAPHY
 THE BRITISH ISLES
The mainland of:
 England

 Scotland

 Wales

 Form the largest

land and are
politically referred
to as Great Britain
Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD 2
 Northern Ireland

 Shares the second

largest island with the
Republic of Ireland
(Eire), which is
politically
independent

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 CROWN
DEPENDENCIES  Crown Dependencies
are outside the
territorial scope of the
U.K.>
 The Channel Islands
(in the English
Channel)
 The Isle of Man

(in the Irish Sea)

Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD 4
 Crown dependencies
 Why are they not considered to be independent
countries in their own right?
 They have special political arrangements
 Complete internal self-government
 Each has its own parliament and its own tax system
 Both are ruled by a Lieutenant Governor (заменик-
гувернер) appointed by the British government
 British government – responsible for their defence and
foreign relations.
 The Crown Dependencies are outside the European
Union.

Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD

 Geographical position
 longitude: 0 º
>passes through the international time
zone of Greenwich, east of London
 latitude: 50º - South-West England

to 60º - across the Shetlands

 Britain lies within 10º of latitude »

relatively small and compact in size
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 Diverse landscape
 Contrasting physical features
 10 national parks in England and
Wales
 Areas of national beauty in Scotland
and Northern Ireland

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Physical area

Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD 8

 The physical area of
the United Kingdom

 93,025 sq miles
(240,842 sq km)
 1000 km long
 500 km at the widest point
 mostly land
 inland water – rivers and lakes

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 ENGLAND  129,634 sq km

 WALES  20,637 sq km

 SCOTLAND  77, 179 sq km

 NORTHERN  13,438 sq km
IRELAND

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 POPULATION
 67 million
 21st in the world in terms of
population size

 London ~ 9 million
 England - biggest population >
English dominance in British history

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 POPULATION
 ENGLISH  84.3 % 56.5 mil

 8.2 % 5.4
 SCOTS
 4.7 % 3.1
 WELSH
 3% 1.85
 IRISH
(N.IRELAND)

Population in 2020
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ENGLAND
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ENGLAND

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 SOUTHERN ENGLAND
 London area – commuter land
(millions of inhabitants travel to
London every day)
 County of Kent – from Dover or
Channel Tunnel to London
 Known as the Garden of England
(many fruits and vegetables are
grown there)
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 The White Cliffs of Dover
South coast – famous white cliffs
> Albion (Roman name)
Lat.: albius = white

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 Southern England
 The Downs – series of hills in a
horseshoe shape

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 The Downs

 South – sheep
farming, trade
and light
manufacturing
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 West
Country
 Rural beauty
 Some industry > Bristol

(once the most important port after London)

 Farming – most widely spread

 Dairy produce (Devonshire cream)

 South-west peninsula – rocky coast, small bays

and wild moors (Exmoor and Dartmoor) >

 Most popular holiday area in UK

 English Riviera – mild winters (palm trees)

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Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD
West Country

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The English Riviera

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 East Anglia

 North-east of London
 Rural (wheat and arable crops)
 The only region of uniformly flat land
 The Fens
 The Norfolk Broads – crisscrossed by
hundreds of waterways
 popular area for boating holidays
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The Fens

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Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD

 Norfolk Broads

The Norfolk Broads – criss-crossed by hundreds of waterways

popular area for boating holidays

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 The Midlands
 West Midlands – known as Black
Country
 Industrial areas – West Midlands
 The country’s major engineering centre
 Steel and iron factories
 Birmingham :second largest city in UK

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 The Midlands

 The Potteries: area b/w

the Black Country and
Manchester
 Famous for producing

china
(factories: Wedgewood,
Spode, Minton)

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Wedgewood china

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 MINTON

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 East Midlands
 Derby, Leicester,
Nottingham
(>Robin Hood
legend)
 Tourism:
Shakespeare’s
Country –
Stradford-upon-
Avon – his
birthplace

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Stradford-upon-Avon

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 Northern England
 Pennine Mountains
 Run up the middle of Northern
England like a spine
 On either side> large deposits of
coal and iron ore
 Lead the Industrial Revolution 18th c.

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The Pennines

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 Northern England
 Western side
 The Manchester
area – connected
to Liverpool by a
canal
 World’s leading
producer of cotton
goods (19th c.)

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Manchester

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Liverpool

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 Northern England
 Eastern side:
 Bradford and Leeds – leading
producers of woolen goods

Bradford 36
 Leeds

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 Sheffield & Newcastle
centre for the production of steel goods shipbuilding industry

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 North of England

 Further away from main industrial

areas – sparsely populated

 North-western corner of the country:

 Lake District

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Lake District

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 Lake District
 Lake District –
largest national
park in England

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 The ‘Lake Poets’

 Romantic poets of
19th c. lived here
and wrote about its
beauty:
 Wordsworth

 Coleridge

 Southy

(the ‘Lake Poets’)

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 London
 The capital city
of England the United
Kingdom
 Located on the River
Thames, London has been a
major settlement for two
millennia,
 its history goes back to its
founding by the Romans,
who called it Londinium.
 London has a diverse range
of peoples, cultures and
religions
 more than 300 languages
are spoken within its
boundaries.

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 London Icons
 London is home to  London's Tower Bridge
some of the most  It's a spectacular bridge
built in the late Victorian
famous and iconic era. 
attractions in the  It's great to see the bridge
world. open to let ships through,
which happens around 900
 From Big Ben to the times a year.
red telephone box,
from black cabs to
the Tate Modern,
London's sites are
instantly
recognisable.

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 The London Eye

 a fantastic way of
getting a bird's-
eye view of the
city.
 On a good day
you can see for
miles and miles –
at the peak, the
whole of London
is laid out for you
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 Covent Garden
 Whether you're looking
to shop, dine, stroll,
be entertained or
experience some unique
heritage, there's plenty
of things to do in
London's Covent
Garden.  
 Also you'll find London's
best street
performers, from
singers to mime artists
performing crowd-
pleasing stunts.

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The Covent Garden Opera House
Two of London's popular
attractions - the London
Transport Museum and
 The Royal Opera House stand
grandly in Covent Garden

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 Piccadilly Circus
 In this context, a
circus, from the
Latin word
meaning "circle",
is a round open
space at a street
junction
 There's always a
real buzz in
Piccadilly Circus
 There are always
people standing
by the Statue of
Eros, waiting for
friends. Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD 48
 Piccadilly Circus
 The buildings are lit
up with dazzling
electric signs.

 Piccadilly Circus
leads you into
Soho, Chinatown
and Leicester
Square, areas
where you'll find
restaurants, pubs,
clubs, theatres and
cinemas.
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 St Paul's Cathedral
 The cathedral is one of
London's most famous and
most recognisable sights.
 At 111m high, it was the
tallest building in London
from 1710 to 1962, and its
dome is also among the
highest in the world.

Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD 50

 St Paul's Cathedral
 Among the events marked at St
Paul's are royal occasions.
 In 1897 Queen Victoria chose to
commemorate her diamond
jubilee here.
 More recently Queen Elizabeth II
has celebrated her jubilees at St
Paul's , and also her 80th birthday
in 2006.
 Royal weddings have been held
here as well:
 the marriage of Catherine of
Aragon to Prince Arthur in 1501
 and famously the wedding of
Prince of Wales to Lady Diana
Spencer in 1981. 

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 Westminster Abbey
 wonderful 700-year-old
building which is the
coronation church of
England.
 It's where every King
and Queen has been
crowned since 1066,
and it's also the final
resting place for
many sovereigns,
politicians and artists.
 Thousands flock to the
Abbey for worship at
daily services.

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Westminster Abbey

Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD 53

 Big Ben and the Houses of
Parliament
 The Palace of
Westminster, also known
as the Houses of
Parliament 
or Westminster Palace, is
the meeting place of the two
houses of the Parliament
of the United Kingdom :
the House of Lords and
the House of Commons
 Its Clock Tower, in
particular, which has
become known as "Big
Ben" after its main bell.

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The red double-decker bus is an
iconic symbol of London

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Buckingham Palace is the official
residence of the British monarch

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 Hyde Park
Hyde Park has been the venue for
some famous rock concerts, including the
major location for the Live 8 string of
benefit concerts.

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 Jerusalem,
the unofficial English Anthem
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKRHWT6xdEU

William Blake (1808)



 “I will not cease from mental fight,

 Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand,
 Till we have built Jerusalem in
England's green and pleasant land!”

• music written by Sir Hubert Parry in 1916.

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 https://youtu.be/hbQbaUeOkDQ

Prof. Tatjana Panova-Ignjatovik, PhD 59

Further reading: O'Driscoll ch. 4

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