Prayer

Dear Lord and Father of all,

Thank you for today.
Thank you for ways in which you provide for us all.
For Your protection and love we thank you.
Help us to focus our hearts and minds now on what we are about to
learn.
Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit as we listen and write.
Guide us by your eternal light as we discover more about the world
around us.
We ask all this in the name of Jesus.
Amen
2
What Zone are You in Today?

Adapted from: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/zones-of-regulation-12361024

 MOTIVATION

Photorithmetic
Directions: Given the pictures, use the mathematical operation
to reveal the word.
 CS

B_ I_ O_ D
_ I_V_ E_R_ S_ I_T_Y_
 OU
E_ V_ O_ L_ U_T_ I_O_N_
Biodiversity and Evolution

Population
The total number of a particular kind of
organism occupying a particular area; it
also includes the total number of people
in a country or region
Refers to a group of interbreeding
members of the same species
Distribution Patterns

Population disperse in a variety of ways that are influenced by the

environmental and social factors.

Uniform distribution results

from intense competition or
antagonism between individuals.
Distribution Patterns

Population disperse in a variety of ways that are influenced by the

environmental and social factors.

Random distribution occurs

when there is no competition,
antagonism, or tendency to
aggregate.
Distribution Patterns

Population disperse in a variety of ways that are influenced by the

environmental and social factors.

Clumping is the most common

distribution because
environmental conditions are
seldom uniform.
Biodiversity
BIODIVERSITY

A phenomenon wherein
earth is populated by
large number, variety
and variability of species
BIODIVERSITY

“variety of living things on

earth, to include billions of
species inhabiting land, air,
and aquatic ecosystems”

- Alfonso & Dallmeier

(World Wildlife Fund)
INDEX OF DIVERSITY
 Refers to the measurement of species distribution in a
community.
Simpson's Diversity Index
is a measure of diversity which takes into
account the number of species present, as
well as the relative abundance of each
species. As species richness and evenness
increase, so diversity increases.

https://geographyfieldwork.com/Simpson'sDiversityIndex.htm
P O P U L AT I O N D E N S I T Y
 The total number of individual per unit area or volume
To compute for population Density: 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
Population of spiders in two separate areas:
6 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐴=
1𝑚 2

= 6 spiders /m2
6 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐵=
2𝑚2
6 spiders per square 3 spiders per square meters
meters = 3 spiders /m2
BIODIVERSITY |Benefits

1. Source of food
2. Source of medicine
3. Source of basic needs like clothing, materials for
house
4. Source of raw materials in the creation of products
LIMITING FACTORS
• Affects the ability of organisms to reproduce and survive.
• These are environmental conditions that limit the size of the
population.
• These factors help to determine what types of organisms can live
in an ecosystem.
Examples:
Temperature, Climate, Weather, Disease, Soil, Habitat Destruction, Sunlight,
Space, Water and Food
LIMITING FACTORS | Biotic Factor

• Factors resulting from the activities of a living thing or any living component in an
environment, such as the actions of an organism affecting the life of another organism.
LIMITING FACTORS | Abiotic Factor

• A non-living chemical or physical factor in the

environment, such as soil, pH, forest fire, etc.

Abiotic factors may be grouped into the following

main categories:

• climatic factors – include sunlight, humidity,

temperature, atmosphere, etc.

• edaphic factors – include the nature and type of

the soil, geology of the land,

• social factors – include land use, water resources,

etc
CARRYING CAPACITY

The maximum population an area can support with its

resources like food, water, and space
What’s More: Page 30

Answer:
Activity M4-L1.2: Limiting Factors
Directions: Determine the different limiting factors which affect population in
an ecosystem in the grid.
Activity M4-L1.2: Limiting Factors
Determine the different limiting factors which affect population in an ecosystem in the grid. Answer Guide Questions:
the guide questions on the right. 1. Are the limiting
factors abiotic
or biotic
factors?
Explain why.
2. How will you
relate limiting
factors to
population
density?
3. Predict what
will possibly
happen if a
community
lives beyond
the carrying
capacity of the
environment?
 Guide Questions:
1. Are the limiting factors abiotic or biotic factors? Explain
why.
Both are abiotic (non-living) and biotic factors (living) like food, availability of mates, disease and
predators. Abiotic or physical limiting factors are non-living things such as temperature, wind, clmate,
sunlight, rainfall, soil composition, natural disasters, and pollution.

2. How will you relate limiting factors to population density?

Limiting factors can lower birth rates, increase death rates, or lead to emigration. When
organisms face limiting factors, they show logistic growth.

3. Predict what will possibly happen if a community lives

beyond the carrying capacity of the environment?
If a community exceeds carrying capacity, the ecosystem may become unsuitable for the
species to survive thus, population will decrease in size.
BIODIVERSITY |Threats

• Natural cause
• Narrow geographical area
• Low population
• Low breeding rate
• Natural disasters

• Anthropogenic cause
BIODIVERSITY |Threats
Anthropogenic cause
BIODIVERSITY |Threats
NO MAN IS AN ISLAND
• Each organism depends on the other in
order to survive.

Note: The existence of many species depends

on other species.

• When living conditions in an area are

suitable, the population will generally
grow.

• Some factors will cause the population to

stop growing, which can lead to species
extinction.
BIODIVERSITY |Threats

• The Philippines is fortunate because it

has a rich and bounty of flora and
fauna.

• Many of which are consumed as food.

• Because of this, species are considered

threatened, endangered and extinct.
BIODIVERSITY |Threats
• Threatened - species is likely to become
endangered within the foreseeable future.

• Endangered - when its population is declined

or threatened with possible extinction.
(Tamaraw, Mouse deer, Philippine deer, Monkey-eating eagle,
dugong)

• Extinct - when the last remaining species has

died
What’s More: Pages 30 - 31

Answer:
Activity M4-L1.3: Eco Scenario
Directions: Read and analyze each scenario. Choose if the organism is
endangered, extinct, or threatened, then explain why you chose
that answer.
 Due to the
Endangered habitat
destruction
Activity M4-L1.3:
Because the Eco Scenario
species of plant
will die due to Read and analyze each
Extinct lack of food and scenario. Choose if the
space
organism is endangered,
Due to the Dam extinct, or threatened,
Construction
Threatened then explain why you
chose that answer.
Because of
lack of food
Extinct and not
enough space;
otter will die

Due
deforestation or
habitat
Extinct destruction;
which is the
source of their
food
What’s More: Page 31

Answer:
Activity M4-L1.4: The Causes of Extinction! Where Do
They Belong?
Directions: Classify the following activities into: deforestation, water pollution,
air pollution, and destruction of coastal resources. Write the letter of your
answer in the table below the pictures.
 Activity M4-L1.4: The
Causes of
Extinction! Where
Do They Belong?
Classify the following
activities into:
deforestation, water
pollution, air pollution,
and destruction of
coastal resources. Write
the letter of your answer
in the table below the
pictures.

A, C, D, L,I,
K B, G H E, F, J
WE ARE ALL CONNECTED!
 Journal Entry #6
We are All Connected Journal
Test your understanding.
1. It refers to the total number of a particular kind of
organism occupying a particular area. It also
includes the total number of people in a country or
region.
a. Biodiversity
b. Community
c. Population
d. Species
2. What do you call the variety of life in a region,
including plants, animals, and even
microorganisms such as bacteria, that make up our
natural world?

a. Biodiversity
b. Community
c. Population
d. Species
3. Which of the following choices below is a limiting
factor?

a. Food
b. Temperature
c. Light
d. All the above mention are limiting factors
4. Which of the following species resulted when its
population is declined or threatened with possible
extinction.

a. Endangered
b. Extinct
c. Threatened
d. None of the above
5. This is the reason why wildlife species disappeared, loss
of trees and other vegetation lead to soil erosion, floods,
fewer crops, increased greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, and a decrease in wildlife resources.
a. Habitat Destruction
b. Invasive Species
c. Over Harvesting
d. Pollution
Answers
1. It refers to the total number of a particular kind of
organism occupying a particular area. It also
includes the total number of people in a country
or region.
a. Biodiversity
b. Community
c. Population
d. Species
2. What do you call the variety of life in a region,
including plants, animals, and even
microorganisms such as bacteria, that make up our
natural world?

a. Biodiversity
b. Community
c. Population
d. Species
3. Which of the following choices below is a limiting
factor?

a. Food
b. Temperature
c. Light
d. All the above mention are limiting factors
4. Which of the following species resulted when its
population is declined or threatened with
possible extinction.

a. Endangered
b. Extinct
c. Threatened
d. None of the above
5. This is the reason why wildlife species disappeared,
loss of trees and other vegetation lead to soil
erosion, floods, fewer crops, increased greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere, and a decrease in wildlife
resources.
a. Habitat Destruction
b. Invasive Species
c. Over Harvesting
d. Pollution