HOW ARE YOU TODAY?

Source: Mouth Vectors by Vecteezy (https://www.vecteezy.com/free-vector/mouth)

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to identify the what is asked
in the statement.

ATRPHOOU 1. Organism that use light or chemical

energy from the sun to produce food
2. Organism that obtain energy from the
food they consume.
EETHRTROOPH
3. A process in which energy from sunlight
is transformed into chemical energy that
PHTOOYSNTHEISS
is stored in carbohydrates and other
organic molecule.
4. The transfer of one or more electrons
from one reactant to another.
RDOEX RCEAOITN

Photo credithttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photosynthesis_Block_diag.gif
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to identify the what is asked
in the statement.

AUTOTROPH 1. Organism that use light or chemical

energy from the sun to produce food
2. Organism that obtain energy from the
food they consume.
EETHRTROOPH
3. A process in which energy from sunlight
is transformed into chemical energy that
PHTOOYSNTHEISS
is stored in carbohydrates and other
organic molecule.
4. The transfer of one or more electrons
from one reactant to another.
RDOEX RCEAOITN

Photo credithttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photosynthesis_Block_diag.gif
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to identify the what is asked
in the statement.

AUTOTROPH 1. Organism that use light or chemical

energy from the sun to produce food
2. Organism that obtain energy from the
food they consume.
HETEROTROPH
3. A process in which energy from sunlight
is transformed into chemical energy that
PHTOOYSNTHEISS
is stored in carbohydrates and other
organic molecule.
4. The transfer of one or more electrons
from one reactant to another.
RDOEX RCEAOITN

Photo credithttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photosynthesis_Block_diag.gif
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to identify the what is asked
in the statement.

AUTOTROPH 1. Organism that use light or chemical

energy from the sun to produce food
2. Organism that obtain energy from the
food they consume.
HETEROTROPH
3. A process in which energy from sunlight
is transformed into chemical energy that
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
is stored in carbohydrates and other
organic molecule.
4. The transfer of one or more electrons
from one reactant to another.
RDOEX RCEAOITN

Photo credithttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photosynthesis_Block_diag.gif
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to identify the what is asked
in the statement.

AUTOTROPH 1. Organism that use light or chemical

energy from the sun to produce food
2. Organism that obtain energy from the
food they consume.
HETEROTROPH
3. A process in which energy from sunlight
is transformed into chemical energy that
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
is stored in carbohydrates and other
organic molecule.
4. The transfer of one or more electrons
from one reactant to another.
REDOX
REACTION

Photo credithttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photosynthesis_Block_diag.gif
 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
and
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Lesson 5: NUTRITION PATTERNS (FLOW OF ENERGY)
• organism capable of producing its
own food using water, carbon
dioxide, light, or other chemicals.

Examples:
• Plants
• Algae
• Seaweed
• Phytoplankton
• Some types of bacteria
Lesson 5: NUTRITION PATTERNS (FLOW OF ENERGY)

Organism that create

food molecules through
photosynthesis 

Organism that create

food molecules through
chemosynthesis 
Lesson 5: NUTRITION PATTERNS (FLOW OF ENERGY)

• organism which are not capable of

producing its own food.

• It takes energy from the food they

consume.
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

Almost all plants are photosynthetic

autotrophs, as are some bacteria and
protists.

• Autotrophs generate their own

organic matter through
photosynthesis.
• Light Energy (Sunlight) is
transformed to energy stored in the
form of chemical bonds
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

“Putting things together through light”

• a process in which energy from sunlight is
transformed into chemical energy that is stored in
carbohydrates and other organic molecules
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

TWO STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Light dependent reaction
(NADPH and ATP)
• Light independent reaction/ Calvin Cycle
(CO2 to C6H12O6)
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

RedOx R e a c t i o n
• The transfer of one or more electrons from one
reactant to another.

TWO TYPES OF REDOX REACTION

• Reduction Reaction - partial or complete gain
of electrons -endergonic (absorb energy)
• Oxidation Reaction - partial or complete loss
of electrons -exergonic (release energy)
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

REDOX REACTION
In photosynthesis, electrons transfers from water to a CO2 molecule, forming a
sugar molecule called Glucose.
CO2 is reduced, which gains electrons, making the electron excited, while the
water is oxidized, which loses electrons, thus producing Oxygen.
What’s More: Page 30

Answer:
Activity M5-L1.2: Understanding Photosynthesis
A.Raw Materials and End Products of Photosynthesis

Directions: Identify the raw materials and end products of photosynthesis by

completing the table below
What’s More: Page 37

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Glucose (C6H12O6)

Water (H2O) Oxygen (O2)
Light Energy (Sunlight)
Leaf Cross-Section
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S
• Leaf plays a significant role in the
survival of plants since it helps plants
in various ways, such as being the
main photosynthetic organ.

• Stoma, or "mouth," is an opening in

the leaf epidermis.
• These regulated openings called
stomata (singular: stoma), are
responsible for the regulation of
gas exchange and water balance
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S
• Most stomata are located on the
bottom layer of the leaf, which
help to minimize water loss.

• Each stoma is surrounded by

guard cells that regulate the
opening and closing of the stomata
by swelling or shrinking in
response to osmotic changes
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

• Photosynthesis occurs inside the

chloroplast.

• has a double membrane

envelope which is composed
of an inner and outer
membrane.

• Inside the chloroplast are

stacked, disc-shaped structures
called thylakoids.
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

• Thylakoid membrane is
embedded with chlorophyll.

• a specialized pigment that

absorbs light energy and is
responsible for the initial
interaction between light and
plant material, and countless
proteins that make up the
electron transport chain.
Lesson 5: P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

• The internal space enclosed

by the thylakoid membrane
is called the thylakoid
lumen.

• A stack of thylakoids is
called a granum, and the
liquid-filled space
surrounding the granum is
called stroma or "bed".
 Stages of
Photosynthesis
Lesson 5: STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

I. Light Dependent Reaction

Converts light energy into chemical energy; produces
ATP and NADPH molecules to be used to fuel light-
independent reaction
• Site: thylakoid
• Requirements: light energy and water.
• Kicks e- out of chlorophyll to an electron
transport chain
Glucose
• Divided into two parts:
• Photosystem II
• Photosystem I
• Products: NADPH and ATP
• By-Product: Oxygen
Photo Credit: https://byjus.com/neet-questions/in-which-stage-of-photosynthesis-light-is-directly-necessary/
Lesson 5: STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

I. Light Dependent Reaction

What happens in LIGHT
INDEPENDENT REACTION?
1. Chlorophyll Photoactivation
2. Photolysis
3. Photophosphorylation
What are the products?
4. NADPH
5. ATP
6. Oxygen (by-product)

Photo Credit: https://byjus.com/neet-questions/in-which-stage-of-photosynthesis-light-is-directly-necessary/

Lesson 5: STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

II. Light Independent Reaction

Light-independent: uses ATP produced to make
simple sugars/ glucose

• Site: Stroma
• Requirements: Carbon Dioxide, ATP and
NADPH
Glucose • Steps: Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration
• Product: Glucose
• By-Product: ADP+P and NADP+

Photo Credit: https://byjus.com/neet-questions/in-which-stage-of-photosynthesis-light-is-directly-necessary/

Lesson 5: STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

©2011 pearsonEducation, Inc

Lesson 5: STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

SUMMARY
Light Independent
Light Dependent
(Calvin Cycle)

Requires Light
Energy
YES NO

Thylakoid
Site Stroma
membrane

Requirements CO2, ATP and

(Raw Materials)
Light and water
Glucose NADPH

ADP+P and
By-product (s) Oxygen
NADP+

End Products ATP and NADPH Glucose

Photo Credit: https://byjus.com/neet-questions/in-which-stage-of-photosynthesis-light-is-directly-necessary/
Lesson 5: STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Summary
Light-Dependent Reaction
• Photo-cyclic and Noncyclic electrons pathways
• Captures Energy from the sun

Light-Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle)

• Synthesis
Glucose
• Produces Carbohydrates

Photo Credit: https://byjus.com/neet-questions/in-which-stage-of-photosynthesis-light-is-directly-necessary/

What’s More: Page 30

Answer:
Activity M5-L1.2: Understanding Photosynthesis
B. Photosynthesis

Directions: Use the word bank to fill out the missing parts to complete the
process of photosynthesis.
What’s More: Page 37

Water Carbon dioxide

Light
Energy

C. Light h.Calvin
Dependent
Reaction Cycle
ATP
NADPH

Oxygen Glucose
 Factors Affecting the
Rate of Photosynthesis
Lesson 5: FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

During photosynthesis, enzymes drive the process to

take place.

The reaction can only occur:

• At a specific temperature and the right pH range.
• Concentration of Carbon dioxide
• Light intensity
Lesson 5: FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The rate of photosynthesis increases with an
increase in temperatures to the best level for
that plant.

Take note:
if extreme temperatures and/or high pH levels
occur, it causes the enzymes to become denatured.
• Once an enzyme denatures, it changes shape,
becomes inactive and cannot function.

Photo Credit: https://biology-igcse.weebly.com/limiting-factors-in-photosynthesis.html

Lesson 5: FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Carbon dioxide and water are the raw
materials (reactants), both must be present
for photosynthesis to occur.
• A decreasing amount of either CO2 or
water will slow down the process.
The rate of photosynthesis increases as the
concentration of Carbon dioxide increases.
Take note:
the rate stops once the optimal concentration
is reached.

Photo Credit: https://biology-igcse.weebly.com/limiting-factors-in-photosynthesis.html

Lesson 5: FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• As light intensity increases, the rate of
photosynthesis will increase, until the plant
is photosynthesizing as fast as it can.
Take note:
• Light at both high and low intensity causes
photosynthesis to stop, even if how much
water or CO2 is present.

• In high intensities, the temperature increases,

which leads to transpiration, which causes the
stomata to close, thus, lessens the CO2 intake.

Photo Credit: https://biology-igcse.weebly.com/limiting-factors-in-photosynthesis.html

Test your understanding.
1. Which of the following is an organism that obtains
energy from the sun in order to produce their own
food?

a. Abiotic
b. Autotroph
c. Biotic
d. Heterotroph
2. What process is involved in which energy from
sunlight is transformed into chemical energy that
is stored in carbohydrates and other organic
molecules?

a. Cellular Respiration
b. Chemosynthesis
c. Photosynthesis
d. None of the above
3. Which among the statements below is NOT TRUE
about the light-dependent reactions?

a. They convert ADP into ATP.

b. They produce oxygen gas.
c. They convert oxygen into carbon dioxide.
d. They convert NADP+into NADPH.
4. Which among the statements below is NOT TRUE
about the Calvin cycle?
a. The main products of the Calvin cycle are six carbon dioxide
molecules.
b. Carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the
atmosphere.
c. Energy from ATP and high-energy electrons from NADPH are used to
convert 3-carbon molecules into similar 3-carbon molecules.
d. The Calvin cycle uses six molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a
single 6-carbon sugar molecule.
5. What will happen to the rate of photosynthesis if the
concentration of Carbon dioxide increases?

a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Stay the same
d. Stop
Answers
1. Which of the following is an organism that obtains
energy from the sun in order to produce their own
food?

a. Abiotic
b. Autotroph
c. Biotic
d. Heterotroph
2. What process is involved in which energy from
sunlight is transformed into chemical energy that
is stored in carbohydrates and other organic
molecules?

a. Cellular Respiration
b. Chemosynthesis
c. Photosynthesis
d. None of the above
3. Which among the statements below is NOT TRUE
about the light-dependent reactions?

a. They convert ADP into ATP.

b. They produce oxygen gas.
c. They convert oxygen into carbon dioxide.
d. They convert NADP+ into NADPH.
4. Which among the statements below is NOT TRUE
about the Calvin cycle?
a. The main products of the Calvin cycle are six carbon dioxide
molecules.
b. Carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the
atmosphere.
c. Energy from ATP and high-energy electrons from NADPH are used to
convert 3-carbon molecules into similar 3-carbon molecules.
d. The Calvin cycle uses six molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a
single 6-carbon sugar molecule.
5. What will happen to the rate of photosynthesis if the
concentration of Carbon dioxide increases?

a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Stay the same
d. Stop