CONTENTS

1. Int1.uction
1. Introduction
2. Need for Guidelines
3. Urban Development Planning System
4. Norms & Standards
Land Use
CONTENTS
Infrastructure- Physical & Social
Commercial facilities
Recreational facilities
Miscellaneous facilities
Traffic & transportation
5. Conclusion
References
 
Introduction
• Planning is a continuous process & planning system should be
such that it ensures continuity.
• Earlier town planning was a piecemeal process but after
Independence the city planning experienced tremendous growth
& challenges for resettlement due to political changes.
• Several resettlement, new Industrial base towns & urban centers
were under process of planning & masters & town planners
conclude that land use plans are needed to guide development of
urban centers to promote orderly development & healthy living
environment.
• For this purpose the ministry of Urban affairs & employment,
governing of India organized a national workshop on master plan
approach during February 24-25, 1995. The research study of this
workshop awarded as UDPFI – Urban development plans
formulation and implementation guidelines.
The Need of guidelines:

The study of UDPFI norms and standards is needed to evolve:

System that is dynamic, flexible and efficient.

Process that is less time consuming.

Innovative ideas of land assembly and fiscal resource mobilization

Simple & effective form of laws, rules and regulations.

Urban Development Planning system

It consist of
a. Perspective plan:
20-25 years duration .
Includes Maps & Diagrams .
State government’s goal, policies, strategies of urban local
authority regarding spatio-economic development.

b. Development plan :
Conceived within Frame work of approved Perspective
plan.
Medium Duration for 5 years.
Proposals for socio-economic & spatial development of
urban centers Including land use.
c. Annual plan:
Conceived within the frame work of Development plan.
 Details of new & ongoing projects for local authority
to implement in financial year
Necessary fiscal resources mobilization.

d. Plan of Projects/schemes:
•Conceived within the frame work of approved development
Plan.
•Includes detailed working layouts with cost of development,
source of Finance & recovery instruments for Execution by a
public or private agency.
 Norms and standards

Distribution of Infrastructure Recreational Traffic and

land use facilities Transportation
Commercial
facilities
• Developed area
average densities
• Work force
• Proposed land use
structure of urban
centers in plain area
 Urban center classification
Population based

Settlement type Population

Plain areas Hill areas
Small town Less than 50,000 Less than 20,000

Medium town 50,000- 5lakh 20,000 less than 80,000

Large cities More than 5 lakh 80,000 and more
Distribution of Land Use
Developed area average densities:-
Settlement type Persons per Hectare(pph) in
Plain areas Hill areas
Small town 75-125 45-75

Medium town 100-150 60-90

Large cities 100-150 60-90
Metro cities 125-175 -

Comment -
• The Densities of medium town & large cities are considered
similar for sustainability.
• The density of 125 pph is max. factor for small town &
average for medium town & large cities & minimum for Metro
cities for their identification & survival.
.
Work Force:-

Work force participation 33% of total population

Industrial workers (%) of total work force

Small and medium town 20 %

Large cities 25 %

Worker’s Density 100 to 125 pph

Comment -
• Due to more population in Large cities the Industrial worker
Population is 25%
• In current scenario The industrial worker population Is more
than 30% due to set back in agricultural production.
Proposed Land use structure of Urban Centers
Land use category Percentage of developed area
Small Medium Large cities Metro cities
Residential 45-50 40-45 35-40 35-40
commercial 2-3 3-4 4-5 4-5
Industrial 8-10 8-10 10-12 12-14
Pub& Semi-Public 6-8 10-12 12-14 14-16
Recreational 12-14 18-20 18-20 20-25
Transport & 10-12 12-14 12-14 15-18
Communication
Agriculture & Water balance balance balance balance
bodies
Comment -
• Land use structure of urban center depends upon its function and size. Due
to higher density in metros the land use for residential purpose is less
compared to smaller areas with less density.
• Land use distribution for industrial, commercial and recreational purpose
increases as we move from small town to metro cities.
 Norms and standards

Distribution of Infrastructure Commercial Recreational Traffic and

land use facilities facilities Transportation

Physical infrastructure Social infrastructure

•Water Supply • Educational facilities

•Water Requirements • Health care facilities
for institutional
• Socio- Cultural facilities
buildings
• Distribution services
•Sewage
• Police
•Drainage
• Fire
•Electricity
•Solid waste Disposal
 Infrastructure
• Basic requirement of urban life.
• Innovative efforts to ensure wide coverage & equitable distribution.
Physical Infrastructure:-
Water Supply:
Size of town
Aspect Small Medium Large and Metro
Domestic
1. Absolute Min. 70 lpcd 70-100 lpcd 135 lpcd
2. desirable 100 lpcd 135-150 lpcd 135-150 lpcd
Non- Domestic
Fire fighting 1% of total demand
Public purpose 10-15 lpcd 20-25 lpcd 30-35 lpcd

Comment -
• The 135 lpcd of water consumption Includes the need for fire fighting.
Water requirements for institutional buildings
Institutions Litres per head per day
Hospital
a. No. of beds exceeding 100 450 per bed
b. No. of beds not exceeding 100 340 per bed
Hotels 180 per bed
Hostels 135
Boarding schools/ colleges 135
Restaurants 70 per seat
Airports & Sea ports 70
Junctions stations & intermediate stations 70
Terminal Stations & Intermediate stations 45
Day schools/ colleges 45
Offices & factories 45
Cinema, concert halls and theatres 15

Comment -
Water is an important Resource Hence Rain water harvesting should be
encouraged in Institutional buildings as well as residential zones especially in
medium towns & cities.
 
 Sewerage & Drainage
• The drainage system for any city/town is governed mainly by natural course and topography. The
discharge is calculated that guides the requirements for provision of additional drain as well as up
gradation of existing drains.
• The treatment of sewerage is essential to provide hygienic conditions.
• The sewerage is estimated at the rate of 80% of the water supply demand.
• The large & metro cities shall be provided with regular sewerage treatment facilities at zonal/city
level.
• The newly developed areas shall have community level septic tanks based on economic &
environmental considerations.
• The squatter settlements may be provided with a facility of 1 toilet for 4 to 5 families based on
the concept of low cost and low water consumption.

Comment -
In case of developing cities the Treatment plant shall be planned with possible
future expansion including biogas plant ,energy conservation &environment
considerations .
 Electricity
• Power supply consumption works out to be about 2 KW per household at
the city level including domestic, commercial, industrial and other
requirements.
• 1 electric substation of 11 KV for a population of 15,000 is recommended
for towns/ cities.
Comment -
• Solar power System Shall be emphasized in residential as well as
Institutional Areas.
• Bio-gas Plants Shall be Initiated in small & medium Towns.

Solid waste Disposal

• The garbage is removed and dumped at the sanitary landfill or in some
cases it is converted to compost especially in small towns.
• The generation of waste varies from a quarter of Kg in small towns to
about half a kg per capita in large and metro cities.
Comment -
• Garbage separation of Dry , wet garbage & recyclable material to
achieve efficient method of disposal shall be encouraged by
educating people.
 Social Infrastructure
• These facilities shall be provided with 25% additional population.
• Incase of metro cities, these facilities serves the regional demand
• Incase of small & medium towns ,the villages & surrounding areas depends
on them
Educational facilities:-
Pre-primary to Secondary Education
• Pre primary, nursery school 1 for 2500 population
•Senior secondary school 1 for 7500 population
Technical Education centre
•1 such centre provided for every 10 lakh pop. Include 1 industrial
training institute and 1 polytechnic institute.
College
•1 for 1.25 lacs population
•No of student 1000 to 1500
•Area 1.80 Ha.
University Campus with Area of 10 ha.shall be provided.
Comment – These are found to be sufficient but location of these facilities are
mor eimporatnt for development.
Health care Facilities :
a) General hospital  
Hospital for 2.5 lakh population capacity 500 beds
Initially the provision may be for 300 beds  
Area for hospital 4 ha
Area for residential accommodation 2 ha
Total area 6 ha
b) Intermediate hospital  
1 hospital for 1 lakh population capacity  
Area for hospital 2.70 ha
Area for residential accommodation 1 ha
Total area 3.70 ha
c) Nursing home, child welfare and maternity center  
1 for 0.45 to 1 lakh population  
Capacity 25 to 30 beds
Area 0.20 to 0.30 ha
d) Dispensary  
1 for 0.15 lakh population  
Area 0.08 to 0.12 ha

Comment -
•The ratio of Dispensary is very less as due to polluted environment & life
style of urban areas & accidents occurring everyday these needs to be
improved/modified for metro cities. 
Socio-Cultural facilities
a) Community room
1 for 5,000 population area 660 Sq..m
b) Community hall and library
1 for 15,000 population area 2000 sq.m
c) Recreational club
1 for 1 lakh population area 10,000 sq.m
d) Music, dance and drama centre
1 for 1 lakh population - area 1,000 sq.m
e) Meditation and spiritual centre
1 for 1 lakh population area 5000 sq.m
f) Socio-cultural centre
1 for 10 lakh population area 15 ha

Comment –
•These need to be improved in Metro cities as Music, dance & drama
Centers are Not only Cultural Oriented but it’s a part Of Industry.
•These facilities can be clubbed with Commercial Activity.
 Distribution services
a) Petrol pump
• One petrol pump for 150 ha of gross residential areas in residential zone
• One petrol pump for 40 ha of gross industrial area
• Two petrol pumps in each district centre
• One petrol pump in each community centre
Comment –
• These are sufficient & adequate.

b) Milk distribution
•One milk booth for 5,000 population.
Comment
•These are sufficient & adequate.
c) LPG Godown
•One gas Godown for 40-50 thousand population is sufficient for any size of town.
•The major concern for its storage and distribution is the location which shall be away from
the residential areas.
Comment
•These are sufficient & adequate.
 Police
Police station  
1 for 90,000 population  
Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation 1.5 ha
Police post  
1 for 0.4 to 0.5 lakh population  
Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation 0.16 ha
District office and battalion  
1for 10 lakh population 0.80 ha
Area for district office area for battalion 4 ha
Total area 4.80 ha
Police line 1 for 20 lakh population 4 to 6 ha
District jail 1 for 10 lakh population - area 10 ha

Comment –
•The Police line is less in case of metro cities.
 Fire

• 1 fire station or sub fire station within 1 to 3 km to be provided  

for 2 lakh population  
• Area for fire station with essential residential accommodation 1 ha
• Area for sub- fire-station with essential residential
accommodation 0.60 ha

Comment –
•The disaster Management centers & rehabilitation shelters shall be
encouraged in Social Infrastructure.
 Norms and standards

Distribution of Infrastructure Commercial Recreational Traffic and

land use facilities facilities Transportation

Hierarchy of commercial Area of commercial Distribution of

centers centers shops
 Commercial Activity
Hierarchy of commercial centers is a function of the hierarchy of planning
units in an urban center

Planning unit Population Served Hierarchy of commercial centre

Housing cluster 1000-4000 Cluster centre

Sector 5000-20000 Sector centre

Community 25000-100000 Community centre

district 125000-500000 District centre

Sub-city 25 lakh- 50 lakh Sub- city centre

city 50 lakh + City centre

Comment –
•These distribution is found to be sufficient.
Distribution of shops

Type of shops district community sector cluster

Formal shops(total) 1250 365 55 24

General retail 1200 295 35 16

Fruit & vegetables Not specified 40 6 3

Service & Repairs 50 30 13 5

Informal shops 370 110 22 13

General retail 355 88 14 8

Comment –
•Fruits & Vegetables Markets locations shall be planned to avoid road
encroachment by local Hawkers.
Area of Commercial Centers
  Area Per 1000 No. of Shops
Persons
Sq.Mt.
Cluster Centre 220 1 for 110
Persons

Sector Centre 300 1 for 200

Persons

Community Centre 500 1 for 200

Persons

District Centre 880 1 for 300

Persons

Comment –
•These are found to be sufficient.
Recreational Facilities
Planning unit
Housing cluster 3-4 local parks and playgrounds
sector 3-4 local park and playgrounds
community 2-3 community level park and open space
district 1 district level park and sports centre, maidan
Sub city centre 1 city level park, sports complex, botanical /zoological garden
, maidan
Overall town/ city level 10 sq.m- 12 sq.m per person

Type Area in sq.mt.

Small Town 1 - 1.2 ha. / 1000 persons
Medium Town 1.4 - 1.6 ha. / 1000 persons
Large cities 1.2- 1.4 ha. /1000 persons
• Comment -
• Local parks ,Playgrounds & Open Spaces shall be distributed evenly in case of
metro cities.
• The Proportion for large cities is average of small & medium town as the land is
costlier in case of large cities.
Miscellaneous Facilities
• Cremation/ burial ground: Provision of at least 2 sites for 5 lakh
population and to provide one electric crematorium for large size towns.
• Dhobi ghat: one site for 1 lakh population with appropriate arrangements
for water and drainage facilities.
• Taxi stands/ Bus stops/ Rickshaw stands:-
- These should not be located near the road intersections
-The maximum distance of such facilities should not exceed
0.5 km from the farthest point in any residential area.

Comment –
•These are found to be sufficient.
Telecommunication:
• Communication- 10 lines per 100 population.
Comment
• The standards for mobile & telecommunication tower with their safe
locations needs to be provided in Guidelines.
•In modern days the norms & standards for wi-fi system & internet shall
be considered.

• Postal services- one post office for 10-15 thousand population.

•Found to be Sufficient.
 Norms and standards

Distribution of Infrastructure Commercial Recreational Traffic and

land use facilities facilities Transportation

Classification of Design
Urban roads standards of
Urban roads
roads
 Norms and Standards for Transportation
Classification of Urban roads:
Arterial Road: Roads for intra-urban traffic with no frontage
access.
•Sub-Arterial Road: Roads for intra-urban through traffic with
frontage access.
•Collector road: Streets for collecting and distributing traffic from
and to local streets and also providing access to arterial and sub
arterial roads.
•Local Street: Street for access to residence, business or other
abutting property, having necessary parking and pedestrian
movement free access too.
Design Considerations of urban roads
Road type Speed Width
Arterial 80 kph 50-60 m
Sub-Arterial 60 kph 30-40 m
Collector street 50 kph 20-30 m

Local street 30 kph 10-20 m

Cross-Sectional Elements:
Description Width
Single lane without kerbs 3.5 m
2-lane without kerbs 7m
2- lane with kerbs 7.5 m
3-lane with/without kerbs 10.5/11 m
4-lane with/without kerbs 14 m
6-lane with/without kerbs 21.0 m

Comment –
•These road widths shall be improved with informal parking on roads.
Foot path (side walk)
Capacity Required width of
footpath (m)
All in one direction In both directions

1220 800 1.5

2400 1600 2.0
3600 2400 2.5
4800 3200 3.0
6000 4000 4

• Comment -
• These is one of the Important feature as many services can be laid
down under Footpath
• It gives surface for pedestrian movement.
• These are usually not identified or demarked on site,
• Hence measures & regulations for footpath shall be improved.
Cycle tracks

•The minimum width of cycle tracks should be 2m.each additional lane,

where required should be 1 m.
•Separate cycle tracks should be provided when the peak cycle traffic is
400 or more on routes where motor traffic is 100-200 vehicles/hr.
•When number of motor vehicles using routes is more than 200 per hour,
separate cycle tracks are justified even if cycle traffic is only 100 cycles per
hour.
•These are still Missing on many Urban Roads hence Regulations needs to
be effectively developed.

Parking
Equivalent car space for different vehicles.
Car/taxi 1

Two wheeler 0.25

Auto rickshaw 0.50
Bicycle 0.10
Parking Space Requirements

a) The minimum parking space requirements for each car and truck is :
Car : 3m X 6m Truck : 3.75 m X 7.5m
a) Residential - Detached, semi-detached and row houses
Plot area upto 100 Sq.Mt – no private or community parking space
Plot area:101-200 Sq.Mt – only community parking space
Plot area:301-500 Sq.Mt- minimum 1/3 of open area for parking
Plot area :501-1000 Sq.Mt- minimum 1/4th of open area for parking
Plot area: 1001sq.m +- minimum 1/6 of space area for parking
a) Flats :-
- one space for every two flats of 50-90 Sq.Mt or more of floor area
- one space for every flat of 100 Sq.Mt or more of floor area

• Comment -
• Norms for Public Parking on street & off street shall be revised
including the width of roads.
• Multi-level parking System By government shall be encouraged.
5. Colour Specification for Land Use in a Development plan
Sr. Zone description color
No.
1 Primary Residential Zone yellow

2 Mixed residential Zone Orange

3 Unplanned residential Zone Brown

 4 Commercial Blue

 5 Industries Purple

 6 Public & semi Public Red

 7 Recreation Green

 8 Roads Black

 9 Agriculture Light Green

Conclusions
Land for Urban poor
•In Mumbai more than 50 % of population are slum dwellers but they
occupy only 8% of land.

•The Development plan consists of various zones such as Residential,

Commercial, Industrial, Recreational, No Development Zone, Coastal
Regulation Zone, but there is no allocation of space for urban poor's,
pavement dwellers which is growing population & which needs
immediate attraction to make Mega cities more appealing in
aesthetically & functionally.

•It is the Task to reform the Strategies, policies by Central ,State &
local governments to serve the interest of urban poor.

•The Reserved plots & Coastal Regulation zone Norms can be modified
to accommodate the land For Urban poor.
 Low Fsi
• In India the Fsi ranges between 1.2 to 2% in large cities & 5
to 6 % in mega cities in special cases.
• The low value of fsi tends to more consumption of land &
hence Shortage of land is faced for future development. These
affects the lower & middle income group households due to
Increased price of land.
• In Asian countries the fsi Practiced is between 5 to 15.Hence
for affordability point of view, the fsi shall be increased to
cater the demand of land for future needs.

Educational Facilities
• For safety Purpose the additional Space allocation for Peak Hour
traffic in front of any school, colleges & other Institutions shall
be provided.
• Primary & secondary schools to be used in Double shifts with
Bigger intake for efficient use of land.
• Educational & institutional Zones must be crated in Master plan.
 Land Regulations
• Land regulations shall be revised to reduce the difference between what
is allowed & what is Financially feasible.

• These can be achieved by More compact cities, more efficient Land Use
& Primary Infra structure.

• Increase in consumption of fsi.

• Decrease in Trip length due to compact cities.

• Urban population density will likely to stay Constant due to efficient

land use.
 REFERENCES

• Arthur B. Gallion, Simon Eisner, (1986), “The Urban Pattern – city

planning and design”, CBS publishers, New Delhi, India.
• Ar. Uttam K. Roy (2007), “Changing scenario & emerging planning
norms for education infrastructures in planned township”, unpublished
report, Institute of town planner, pp: 1-6
• Chetan Vaidya, et al (2004), “Model Municipal law of India”, ITPI
journal, pp:50-51
• D.S.Mesham (2004), “Master plan of auroville universal township”,
ITPI journal, pp: 1-13
• ITPI, 1996. Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation
(UDPFI) Guidelines, Institute of Town Planners India, Ministry of
Urban Affairs and Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, New
Delhi.
• Sundar Burra & Sheela Patel (2001), “Norms & Standards In Urban
Development: The Experience of an Urban Alliance In India”
• Roy Uttam Kumar (April 2004), “Development control Regulation”,
journal of Indian institute of architects (JIIA)

 
Thank you