UNIT-1

INTRODUCTION TO MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS
• INTRODUCTION

• SIGNIFICANCE OF MEASUREMENTS

• METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT AND ITS ELEMENTS
CLASSIFICATION OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
1) INDICATING INSTRUMENTS 2) RECORDING INSTRUMENTS
3) Integrating Instruments
 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF SECONDARY
INSTRUMENTS
1) MAGNETIC EFFECT

2) THERMAL EFFECT

3) ELECTROSTATIC EFFECT

4) ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECT

5) HALL EFFECT
 ELECTROMECHANICAL INDICATING INSTRUMENTS

1) DEFLECTING FORCE

2) CONTROLLING FORCE

3) DAMPING FORCE
 CONTROLLING TORQUE

A) SPRING CONTROL B) GRAVITY CONTROL

DAMPING TORQUE

A)AIR FRICTION DAMPING

B) FLUID FRICTION DAMPING C) EDDY CURRENT
DAMPING
 CLASSIFICATION OF INDICATING INSTRUMENTS

1) MOVING COIL TYPE

2) MOVING IRON TYPE

3) INDUCTION TYPE
PERMANENT MAGNET MOVING COIL INSTRUMENT
 MOVING IRON INSTRUMENTS

1)ATTRACTION TYPE
2) REPULSION TYPE

A) RADIAL VANE TYPE B) CONCENTRIC VANE TYPE

ELECTROSTATIC INSTRUMENTS:

1) QUADRANT TYPE
A) HETEROSTATIC CONNECTION B)IDIOSTATIC
CONNECTION
2) ATTRACTED DISC TYPE: