A Qualifying Exam Report

Presentation on

Community Based Tourism Businesses and Multiplier

Linkages for Sustainability

for
Doctor of Philosophy
Under the Supervision of
Dr. Prachyakorn Chaiyakot
by
Chet Narayan Acharya
Student ID: 6510930001

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Community Based Tourism
Business
 Presentation Outline
Topic Selection
Topic Selection
01
Topic Confirmation Strategies
and preparing for
QE Report Draft 02

Organization of the QE Report

Feedback
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION Assemblage
CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW 03
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH GAP

REFERENCE
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04
Topic Selection and Confirmation

Selection Strategies
 Rational thinking (self interest + Literature Review) and
Creating thinking (Brainstorming , notebook of ideas)
 Relevance
Refinement of Research Topic
Capability, Feasibility, Appropriateness (Is it
worthwhile? or is it something new?)
- Preliminary study
- Consultation
- Integrating ideas
- Refining topic
- Confirming the topic

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Preparing for QE Report Draft

Organization of the QE Report

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH GAP ANALYSIS
REFERENCE

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 CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
Interdependence between human activities, social, build
Background of the Study

environment and the ecological system.

Mainstream development and the environmental issues are the
indistinguishable process of development but cannot go in the same
direction. The world’s development phenomenon has been noticed that it
has come with several costs.
Ecosystem management is a systematic development paradigm
adopted in order to the better management of natural resources in
order to meet the needs of current generation by ensuring the
longstanding functioning and sustainability of the ecosystem.
Sustainability limits the negative impacts of growth intended
development and allows for justifiable development process in all
sense, aims at human and social development through ecological
balance.

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 CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION Cont.…

If this continues in the similar manner, the situation will become

Background of the Study

more worsen and that will be the great challenge and threat to
human being and entire biological system of the planet.

This research intends to develop an innovative ecosystem

management framework for sustainable tourism development in
order to make the development sustainable.

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 Also known as...
•Ecological Tourism
•Nature Tourism
•Sustainable Tourism

Ecotourism-Characterized by travel to natural areas to enjoy native

environments, natural scenery, wildlife and partake in outdoor
oriented activities
Ecotourism is now defined as "responsible travel to natural areas that
conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and
involves interpretation and education" (TIES, 2015).
 Principles of Ecotourism

• Ecotourism is about uniting conservation, communities, and sustainable travel.

• Minimize physical, social, behavioral, and psychological impacts.
• Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect.
• Holds eco-centric values and Ethics in relation to nature
Segments of
Ecotourism
• Ecotourism in wildlife
• Eco Adventure travels
• Sustainable tourism
• Responsible tourism
• Nature base travels
• Green travels
• Cultural tourism
 Benefits of ecotourism
 Local economic growth
 Sociocultural awareness
 Ecological conservation and resource control
 Environmental and sociocultural awareness
 Provide direct financial benefits for conservation.
 Generate financial benefits for both local people and private
industry.
 Deliver memorable interpretative experiences to visitors that
help raise sensitivity to host countries‘ political,
environmental, and social climates.
 Design, construct and operate low-impact facilities.
 Recognize the rights and spiritual beliefs of the indigenous
people in the community and work in partnership with them
to create empowerment
CONCLUSION
Ecotourism is increasingly popular and many people appreciate remote locations, small
numbers of tourists and less sophisticated facilities. However, the impact of both tourism
and ecotourism on the environment as well the
changes in people’s attitudes is worth noting. The functional responsibility of
both eco-tourists, and tourist plays a fundamental role in achieving the ultimate
goals of both concepts.
Community based Tourism

 Bottom up approach
 Full participation of a local community in the planning and
management of tourism enterprise
 Full local ownership of tourism enterprise
 Tourism product is based on local cultural, social or environmental
assets

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 WHAT IS
CBT?
 The connection between the
chosen environmental area,
adjacent ecosystems, and
local people must be
established
 It is difficult to protect the
flora and fauna unless there
are economic benefits to the
country as well as to the
local people
 Benefits of CBT

 Understanding of local needs and priorities

 Employment, collective income, supply chains
 Beneficiaries represent the poorest
 Empowerment and organization into legal entities
 Ecotourism can “empower the local communities by giving them a sense of
pride and awareness of the importance of their natural resources and control
over their own development”.
 This established confidence of the local population can and has produced positive results
that further the ecotourism industry and better the conservation attainments
 Introduction

Mainstream economic growth and development in the framework of

economic liberalization and globalization has the tendency towards
destruction of several local social elements as well as the emergence of
Problem Statement

worldwide environmental calamity (Bhan & Singh, 2014).

1. CBT businesses and motivation

2. Collaboration and networking between mainstream mass
tourism and community based tourism business
3. Disaster risks management practices through the CBT operators
4. Current CBT business policies and implementation strategies for
ecosystem management
5. CBT businesses benefits help to strengthening the sustainability

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Key Research Gap

1. Policy Gap in Nepal

2. Action Knowledge Void Gap
3. Methodological Gap

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Research Research Questions

1. Policy Gap in Nepal

2. Action Knowledge Void Gap
3. Methodological Gap

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 Introduction cont.….

General Objectives: is to generalize the strategy of

community based tourism businesses for the
Research Objectives

sustainable tourism development.

Specific Objectives:
1. To develop a collaboration and networking strategy of CBT with
mainstream mass tourism in order to strengthen the notions of
sustainability
2. To assess the contribution of disasters risk management strategies
of CBT for consolidation to the sustainable development
paradigms
3. To examine the multiplier effects of community based tourism
operator’s service in other sectors of the economy

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Conceptual Framework
Intervening Variables

Ecotourism and Community Participation

Independent Variables
CBT Business Policies
Dependent Variable

Community Motivational
Welfare Disaster Risk Management Factors

Value Co-creation

Collaboration and Networking

 

 
Employment, income, education, skill
development, faire opportunity, participation,
decision-making, and inclusive empowerment,
Sustainability Principle Multiplier Linkages
balance of life

Fig. No. 1.1. Conceptual Framework (Source: Researcher’s own construction, 2022)

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CHAPTER II: LITERATURE
REVIEW
Review Literatures:
1. Research Articles Review
2. Thesis/Dissertation Review

E-library Platforms Sources:

Google Scholar, Semantic
Scholar, Web of Science,
JSTOR, Springer, Science Direct

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CHAPTER II: LITERATURE
REVIEW
Classification of Reviews
 Narrative or Traditional literature reviews
 Scoping Reviews
 Systematic style literature review
 Integrative

Objectives of Reviews
 Identify the existing stock of knowledge
 Identify the unaddressed/ unsolved areas
(RG)
 Set research Objectives
 Produce new body of knowledge
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CHAPTER II: LITERATURE
REVIEW

Contents of Reviews
 Ecosystem management
 Ecotourism
 Community based tourism concept
 CBT sustainable dimensions: economic, socio-
culture, and environment
 Relating theories

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 Summary of Key literatures reviewed
Literature Review Matrix
Author/Year / Journal Variables considered and Key Finding Research Gap
(e-library Methodology
Bhuiyan, Siwar, Ismail Participation of women in Women are important players in the Focuses on
and Islam (2011) the homestay industry homestay industry as it provides them women
not only with an additional source of empowerment but
Personal satisfaction, income and personal satisfaction that no sociocultural
passion and encouragement advance their personal and social and
by friends, dissatisfaction positions but also an avenue to help environmental
Journal of Applied
with former jobs achieve gender equality and address for
Sciences (ASIAN
DIGITAL LIBRARY) empowerment in the national sustainability
development and policies of
Survey method
Malaysia.
Chaiyatorn, Kaoses Cultural Tourism-Homestay The conservation and inheritance of Focuses on the
and Thitphat (2010) local culture should be focused using conservation and
living place, food, dressing, major lifestyle factor based on inheritance of
tradition, ritual, local item household, food and dressing. The local culture but
selling ethnic group identity was necessary no environmental
for cultural tourism address for
Journal of Social
sustainability
Sciences (Science Survey and Data
Publication) Triangulation
Puja & Aryasih (2020) community empowerment. Another new finding is the urgency of Case study and
the local community's acceptance to narrative analysis
Journal of Business on values, traditions, and be part of the overall tourism and generalized
Hospitality and economic resources practices in their area. findings but not
Tourism (Research statistically
Gate) verified
qualitative case study
Pusiran & Xiao Homestay programme A positive relationship between Focuses on
(2008). tourism development and sustainable correlation
Empowerment, Partnership, urban development, analysis.
Asian Social Science Interaction, Correlation
(SEMANTIC social capital had a moderating role analysis has lost
SCHOLAR) on the relationship between of limitations.
Survey Therefore, it is
development of tourism and
sustainable urban development not the strongly
reliable and
validated.
Arsad, et al., (2021) social and economic impact Low and high income are reduced and Population of the
Descriptive quantitative middle and very high-income group study is not
Journal of method. are increased. clearly defined.
Environmental
Semantic Purposive sampling
Scholar)Management
and Tourism
 Summary of Key literatures reviewed
Phelan, Ruhanen, & community-based The model demonstrates important
Mair, (2020). ecotourism interactions between community, the
local economy, and coastal
waste management, ecosystems, and the important role
hospitality skills, and community-based ecotourism plays in
market access creating effective mechanisms for
Journal of Sustainable
Tourism (Semantic preserving natural and cultural
heritage.
Scholar)

community-based ecotourism
supports sustainable use of marine
resources and offers an entry point for
low-resource coastal communities to
take part in the blue economy.
Aldi & Dahles (2021) ecotourism has been an First, in offering a critical analysis of No micro level
appropriate strategy to the transition to an Eco tourist-driven policies. Only
secure the sustainability economy from a local perspective, the recommends for
paper reveals a series of failures to macroeconomic
deliver on the sustainable and sectoral
development goals. In so doing, the policies.
Based on qualitative paper contributes to the critical (Tourism Policy,
literature on ecotourism. Second, the Industrial,
research
paper draws attention to the diverse Agricultural, etc.
and multi-layered character of local )
participant observation communities and their embeddedness
Tourism Geographies in a regional economy. In that, it
(Taylor and Fransis) recommends a broader scope of
tourism policies beyond the level of
the immediate protected area in order
to include multiple stakeholders.
Hoole, (2010) community-based natural Ecotourism enterprise development Lacks
resource management can contribute successfully to collaboration
community-based conservation. But, between different
Community revenues, issues of power sharing, governance stakeholders
employment and additional and competition necessitate the
International Journal
of the Commons benefits further evolution of commons
institutions to capture future
(JSTOR)
sustainable benefits from community-
A participatory rural
based conservation premised on
appraisal (PRA) approach
wildlife and related ecotourism
development
Holladay & Powell Community-based Local community participation in No policy level
(2016). ecotourism as a social ecotourism is evident due to the support that may
transformation positive impacts of ecotourism to leads to conflicts
enhance their livelihoods. among
qualitative research study participants
Journal of Outdoor that used in-depth
Recreation and interviews, and field
Tourism (ELSEVIER) observations
CHAPTER III: Research Gap
Analysis
Several Gaps are identified. This
study will be focused on filling
following research gaps on
sustainability literatures:
1. Policy Gap in Nepal
2. Action Knowledge Void Gap
3. Methodological Gap

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CHAPTER III: Research Gap
Analysis

Policy Gap in Nepal

Despite, different tourism and
other sectoral policies to
address the issues of tourism;
the specific CBT –that is
ecotourism policy is yet to be
formulated.

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CHAPTER III: Research Gap
Analysis
Action Knowledge Void Gap
1. The collaboration between
CBT and mainstream
tourism
2. Disasters risk management
strategies of CBT operating
indigenous communities

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CHAPTER III: Research Gap
Analysis
Methodological Gap
Integrating tourism research
with interdisciplinary
statistical knowledge to
develop a statistical model
to establish the logical
relationship between
research variables

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 REFERENCE

Mentioned in the draft

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 Thank you so much for
viewing my presentation
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