TOPIC : War and Peace

INTRODUCTION TO
IR
 • Concept of War
• Causes of War
• Idea of Just War

Content • Types of War

• Idea of Peace
• Types of Peace
• Queries
 • The central problem of international relations
• Many political scientists and foreign policymakers view
war:
• The continuation of politics
⮚ When diplomacy fails, some states decide to use force

WAR
Others see war :
• As the result of a breakdown of the modern international
system
⮚ Rules of international institutions were designed to reduce
conflict among states.
 Causes of War

Human nature:
Regime types: Some
Humans are naturally
regimes are more
violent and
prone to waging war
aggressive, making
than others.
war inevitable.
 •Ideology: Some political beliefs favor war more than
others.
⮚ Some scholars blame fascism, for example, for World
War II.

Causes of War
•Religion: Religious belief has driven many states to
war,
⮚ Either to spread the faith or to eradicate heretics.
Causes of The global system: Because
War the global system is
anarchic, states must engage
in war to protect themselves.

Economics and resources:

Disputes over resources
often lead to war.
Concept of
Just War
Theory
• Argues that wars should be fought for noble and worthwhile reasons:
⮚ War must be the last option. All peaceful means to resolve the conflict
must be exhausted before war breaks out.
⮚ The cause of the war must be just (such as overturning aggression and
righting a great wrong).
⮚ The war must be winnable.
⮚ The war’s purpose must justify the cost in money and lives.
⮚ The military must make every effort to prevent or limit civilian
casualties.
 ⮚ Total war
⮚ Limited war
Types of War ⮚ Guerrilla war
⮚ Civil war
⮚ Proxy war
 In International Relations Peace Means:

Peace • Lack of conflict

• Freedom from fear of violence
⮚ Between individuals or groups
 Negative :
• Something undesirable stopped happening 
• Violence and Oppression ends

Idea of Peace Positive Peace :

Filled with positive content between the adversaries
cont.… ⮚  Restoration of relationships
⮚ Constructive resolution of conflict
⮚ Creation of social systems
⮚ In Post-Civil war situation
❖ serving the needs of the whole population
Question
and
Answer
session