EAST ASIAN

CIVILIZATION
REPORTERS:
• ZYRA MAE ROSCAS
• JOY DELOS SANTOS
• QUEEN AIZA BERCASIO
• ADRIAN TIANELA
• FIDEL CARINO
 CHINA
The earliest chinese is said to be the
Asia dynasty,but apart from literature,
there is no proof of its existence.
SHANG DYNASTY
• It is the second adest empire. It is also considered as the
first chibese empire.
• According to traditional historiography, ruled in the
yellow River valley in the second millennium BC,
succeeding the Xia Dynasty and followed by the Zhou
Dynasty.

ORACLE BONES
• Chinese historians and scholars were able to read the
writings on the bones, which is similar to modern-day
Chinese script.
• The word "oracle" means a person who people believe
can interpret messages from God or Gods. It is believed
that ancient Chinese used oracle bones to help interpret
the what the gods wanted.
• The vast majority of the inscribed oracle bones date to
the last 230 or so years of the Shang dynasty.
CHOU DYNASTY
• The Chou conquerors explained the
reason for their supremacy as
"mandate from heaven", a belief that
became the Center of Chinese political
thought.
• According to this belief, heaven grants
the emperor, the son of heaven", the
right to rule as long as he behaves
properly and virtuously.
• A good emperor, it was then believed,
brought with him peace, good harvest,
and contentment among his people.
POPULAR CHINESE PHILOSOPHERS
CONFUCIUS
• He was a chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the
Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history.
• According to him, harmony in society is attained only in the proper
relationship between people is restored and properly observed.
• According to him virtue is not given or or inherited. It is attained
through education and anyone who wants to work for the
government must work toward a proper education.
• His followers wrote down his teachings in the five classics and
analects. These works became the basis of chinese education, which
emphasizes the fundamental values of benevolence and
righteousness.
LAO TZU
• Was a philosopher of ancient china or was best known as
the author of the Tao te Ching (often simply referred to as
laozi).
• He blamed society for the individuals behavior.
• According to his philosophy, the laws and traditions
created by man forced the individual person to live
contrary to the ways of nature or the "Tao", causing chaos
in society.

HAN FEI TZU

• Also known as Han Feizi was a chinese Philosopher who
along with Li Si , Gongsun Yang, Shen Dao, and Shen
Buhai, developed the doctrine of legalism.
• According to him, the leading proponent of the school of
legalism, the most important element is the state, and the
welfare of the individual person is subordinate to that of
state.
Confucianism
• Is an ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses
on the importance of personal ethics and morality.
Whether it is only or a philosophy or also a religion
is debated.
• Confucianism is a philosophy and belief system
from ancient China, which laid the foundation for
much of Chinese culture.
• Confucianism believes in ancestor worship and
human-centered virtues for living a peaceful life.
The golden rule of Confucianism is “Do not do unto
others what you would not want others to do unto
you.”
TAOISM
• ( also spelled Daoism) is a religion and a philosophy from ancient China
that has influenced folk and national belief. Taoism has been connected to
the Philosopher Lao Tzu, who around 500 B.C.E wrote the main book of
Taoism the Tao Te Ching.
• Taoism holds that humans and animals should live in balance with the Tao
or the universe. Taoists believe in spiritual immortality, where the spirit of
the body joins the universe after death.
 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
• The ancient chinese government had an established monarchy
type of government where the emperor or king was the supreme
power of authority and had an absolute and unchallenged
position in the country.
• The Chinese political system is authoritarian. There are no freely
elected national leaders, political opposition is suppressed, all
religious activity is controlled by the CCP, dissent is not
permitted and civil rights are curtailed. Elections in China occur
under a single-party authoritarian political system.
• The major types of political systems in china are democracies,
monarchies, oligarchies, and authoritarian and totalitarian
regimes.
IMPERIAL GOVERNMENTS
• The political systems of imperial China can be divide into a state
administrative body, provincial administrations and a system for
official selection. The three notable tendencies in the history of
chinese politics includes the standardization of official selections.
• The imperial system divided Chinese society into five broad
classes: the nobility and the "four occupations." In order of
decreasing status, the "four occupations" included the shi (gentry),
nong (farmers), gong (craftspeople), and shang (merchants).
• There were early supervisory systems that were originated by local
factions as well as other political systems worthy of mention.
four social classes
There were four social classes in ancient China including noble, farmers or peasants, artisans
or craftsmen, and merchants.
NOBLE
• The Republican Revolution of 1911 ended the official imperial system. Though some
noble families maintained their titles and dignity for a time, new political and economic
circumstances forced their decline. Today, the nobility as a class has virtually
disappeared.
• Nobles were landowners and some of the wealthiest people in ancient China. They were
required to give some of their profit to the emperor so that it helped to guarantee their
protection. Nobles had incredibly extravagant clothing, homes, and jewelry.
Farmers or Peasants
• The majority of the people in Ancient China were peasant farmers. Although they were
respected for the food they provided for the rest of the Chinese, they lived tough and
difficult lives. The typical farmer lived in a small village of around 100 families. They
worked small family farms.
• China's farmers practiced agriculture in ways that sustained a high level of food
production without depleting or deteriorating local resources. These were smallholder
farmers, who came to be called peasants, or nongmin, in the early twentieth century.
Artisans or Craftsmen
• Artisans, or craftspeople, were one of several groups in Han
society that made up the class of commoners. As a group,
artisans earned more money than farmers, but not as much as
merchants. Although artisans did not enjoy the high social
status of nobles or officials, they were well respected in Han
society.

Merchants
• Chinese merchants were the significant distributors and
sellers of Western and Chinese products in the East Asian
trade market.
 JAPAN
Japanese philosophy has historically
been a fusion of both indigenous
Shinto and continental religions
such as Bhuddism, Taoism, and
Confucianism.
 japanese pHILOSOPHies
Buddhism is the most ancient of
Japanese philosophies, and is
now followed by approximately
350 million people across the
world. Buddhism originates
from the teachings of Buddha, a
teacher who lived in northern
India between the mid-4th and
mid-6th centuries.
Shinto means the way of the
gods. Shintoism is an Ancient
religion of Japan. It started at
least as long ago as 1000
B.C.E. but is still practiced
today by at least five million
people. The followers of
Shintoism believe that
spiritual powers exist in the
natural world.
 SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

Separation of members of a society on the basis of

certain charactristics. The division into categories,
rank or classes.

EXAMPLE: ancestry, age, race, physial appearance,

gender, education, and accupation.
 SAMURAI
 Samurai were members of the military class and
Japanese warriors.
They used a lot of different tools in battle such as
bows and arrows or spear, but their most famous
weapon was the sword.
Samurai lead their lives according to the ethic code
of “bushido,” which stressed loyalty to one’s
master and heritage, self discipline, and
respectful ethical behavior.
After defeat some samurai would choose to commit
“seppuku,” by cutting their abdomen rather than
being captured or dying dishonorably. 
The Japanese Samurai caste itself had
different ranks with different
privileges.A basic ranking system
from the twelfth century
distinguished three major ranks:
kenin – meaning “ housemen.” They
were the administrators or vassals.
mounted samurai: only high-ranking
samurai warriors were allowed to
fight on horseback.
Foot soldiers
 FARMER
A Farmer manages farms, ranches,
greenhouses, nurseries, and other
agricultural production organizations.
Farmers are involved in planting,
cultivating, performing post-harvest
duties, overseeing livestock, and
supervising farm labor depending on the
type of farm.
 ARTISAN
The artisans were one of the four
social classes of feudal Japan.
These were people whom we
might also term craftsmen. They
tended to live in towns and create
items such as wood products,
metal items, clothing, pottery,
perform baking, and similar
professions.
 MERCHANT
Merchants were one of the four social
classes in Japan during this era.
Merchants did not make goods
themselves (that was the province of the
artisans, another of the four social
classes) but were the ones who
would move goods around, seeking to
find customers who would pay for them.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!