Chapter II

The Review of Related Literature and Studies

 Introduction
• The review of related literature and studies
though written in Chapter 2 in most
research/thesis format, should be the first
step in any research endeavor.
• The RRL gives the researcher ideas, concepts
and principles on the topic he intends to
research
 How is it important?
• It provides the needed information on the theories,
concepts and principles which are essential in
developing the conceptual and theoretical
framework of the planned topic
• It provides the investigator with information about
the past researches related to the topic under
study. In other words, the RRL is a proof that the
current undertaking is not duplicative of any other
work
 How is it important?
• It also helps the researcher identify the variables
which were already studied in the past and thus,
serve as basis for identifying new or other variables
in his present study. In short, it is a proof that the
current research is filling in a research gap.
• The RRL also gives the researcher a feeling of
confidence or that there is a sufficient reason to
pursue the study.
 Steps in Writing Related Literature
and Studies
•The researcher should always be guided by
the topic under investigation.
•Write down in a separate sheet the titles
of the theses, dissertations and other
materials searched. Correct bibliographic
entries should be observed.
How to Cite a Book in Print in APA
How to Cite a Book in Print in APA
How to Cite a Book Online in APA
How to Cite a Journal in Print in APA
How to Cite a Journal Online in APA
 Steps in Writing Related Literature
and Studies
• In writing down a related study, the researcher should
only include the variables of the study, the objectives,
methodology and the results.
• Organize the related literature and related studies
reviewed
• Compare the related studies reviewed with the current
study. Always take note of the similarities and difference
between the previous studies reviewed and the present
investigation
 General Guidelines in Citing Related
Literature
The following are characteristics of related literature and
studies:
• The materials must be recent as possible
• Materials must be objective and unbiased as possible
• Materials must be relevant to the study
• Materials must not be too few and not too many
 Sources of Related Literature and Studies
The sources of related literature and studies may include the
following:
• Book, encyclopedias, almanacs, and other similar references.
• Articles published in professional journals, magazines,
periodicals, newspapers, and other publications
• Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters, and
diaries.
• Unpublished theses and dissertations.
• The Constitution, and laws and statues of the land
 Where to Locate the Sources of Related Literature and Studies

Generally, the sources of related literature and studies are

located in the following places:
• Libraries, either government, school, or private libraries.
• Government and private offices
• The National Library and other Government libraries
 Where to Locate the Sources of Related Literature and Studies

Generally, the sources of related literature and studies are

located in the following places:
• Libraries, either government, school, or private libraries.
• Government and private offices
• The National Library and other Government libraries
WRITING OF REVIEW
OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
 Chapter II. The Review of Related
Literature and Studies
Related Literature
• Literature refers to texts, books, pieces of writing;
written works.
• These materials are usually printed and found in
books, encyclopedias, professional journals,
magazines, newspapers, and other publications.
• These materials are classified as 1. Local, if printed
in the Philippines; and 2. Foreign, if printed in other
lands.
 Chapter II. The Review of Related
Literature and Studies
Related Studies
• Published materials such as studies, inquiries, or
investigations already conducted to which the
present proposed study is relate or has some
bearing or similarity.
• It also includes unpublished materials such as
manuscripts, theses, and dissertations
NOTE:
Don’t forget to cite the
authors of the quoted or
paraphrased statements
including the year.
 Chapter II. The Review of Related
Literature and Studies
Synthesis
• This part of the chapter includes a brief summary of
the literature and studies reviewed. It specifically
stresses on the subject matter reviewed.
• From the related studies reviewed, the researcher
should be able to identify the similarities and
differences of the reviewed studies with the present
investigation.
THANK YOU!
GOD BLESS
YOU ALL!