Noun phrases :

Introduction:
 we usually use adjectives to describe
Nouns : ,which they form a NOUN
PHRASE ,and it might be one of the most
efficient techniques in literature to create and
build up the tension, spooky mood and
suspense.
 Thus , you can create the most chilling ,scary
noun phrases by adding different terrifying
adjectives to a noun. It gives a clearer image to
the reader, Also , it can help the writer transmit
the tension and suspense he wanted to convey.
1. Open your grammar book page 6 :
2. Do activity 2:
3. Page 8
4. Do activity 2
Activity 1:
5. look at the picture and write 5 noun phrases
to describe the woman as if in a horror
story.
.
 Acid green eyes

A nose like a crooked finger

Blood red lipstick

Warts hanging from her face like
dead piece of flesh Two filthy chins covered in
wiry brown hair
1. Acid green eyes
2. Warts hanging from her face like dead
piece of flesh
3. Blood red lipstick
4. A nose like a crooked finger
5. Two filthy chins covered in wiry brown
hair
Activty : Use your own noun phrases to
write down Sentences in a short pragraph to
describe this evil wicked witch.
 As the lightening struck, the room violently
erupted into light and to my horror I found
that I was not alone. There she stood,
peering at me hungrily through her acid
green eyes. She was ferociously licking her
blood red lips as she leant so close that I
could feel her nose, like a crooked finger,
gently pressing against my cheek. warts
were hanging menacingly like dead pieces
of flesh from her two filthy chins covered
in wiry brown hair.
  Order of adjectives in Noun phrases :
order relating to examples

1 opinion unusual, spooky, steamy

2 size chunky, boundless, immense

3 physical quality burly, lanky, feeble

4 shape round, square, rectangular

5 age ageless, traditional, youthful

6 colour blue, red, pink

7 origin Dutch, Japanese, Turkish

8 material metalic, wooden, plastic

9 purpose torturing, swimming, killing

Clauses :
 What is a clause :
 A clause is mainly a group of words that
contain a subject as well as a verb.

1. When he came here, he ate apples.
2. When I came here, he was playing and
then he went back home.
 Types of clauses :

1. Independent or Main
2. Dependent or Subordinate
3. Relative or Adjective
types of relative clauses :
 Independent clause:
 An independent clause is a complete sentence
on its own and does not require anything else to
make it a full sentence.

Subject + Verb = Complete Sentence

1. These boys are always sleeping.

2. My sister loves cold drinks
3. I read the book.
 Dependent/Subordinate Clause
 A dependent/subordinate clause is the exact
opposite of the independent clause. It is actually
not a complete sentence and thus generally does
not make any sense.
 Subordinator + Subject + Verb = Incomplete
Sentence
 Subordinator : whenever,because, since...
 Whenever the boys sleep.
 (‘whenever’ is the subordinator, ‘boys’
correspond to the subject and ‘sleep’ is the verb.)
 It has to be joined to an independent one by a
punctuation to make complete sense.
Subordinate Clause + Punctuation + Main Clause =
Complete Sentence
or
Main Clause + Subordinate Clause = Complete
Sentence
1. Whenever the boys sleep, their teacher scolds
them.
2. I bought two bottles of cola because my sister
loves cold drinks.
3. If you don’t go, I will get angry.
 Relative Clause
 A relative clause will always begin with either a
relative pronoun such as ‘who’, ‘whom’, ‘whose’,
‘which’, ‘that’ or a relative adverb such as ‘when’,
‘why’ or ‘where’.
 Relative Pronoun or Adverb + Subject + Verb =
Incomplete Sentence
 or
 Relative Pronoun or Adverb as subject + Verb =
Incomplete Sentence
 Whom the teacher hit with a chalk
 (‘whom’ is the relative pronoun, ‘teacher’ is the
subject and ‘hit’ is the verb )
 Where he went joyfully
 (‘where’ is the relative pronoun, ‘he’ is the subject
and ‘went’ is the verb)
 Thus we need :
 Relative Clause + Main Clause = Complete
Sentence
1. The talkative boys whom the teacher hit with a
chalk soon learned to behave properly in class.
2. I know about the place where he went joyfully.
2 types of relative clauses:
 Restrictive Relative Clause :
 A restrictive clause gives essential information
about a noun that comes before it. ( no need for
a comma after the main clause)
 She held out the hand that was hurt.
 Non-Restrictive Relative Clause
 These clauses are normally introduced by
which, whom, who or whose but never by that.
(You should place a comma in front of them)
 She held out her hand, which Rob shook.