MIGRATION PROCESS

IN THE CARIBBEAN.
Tatiana McGregor, Brea Barton,
Colin Bascom, Stephan Skeete and
Tequan Holder
AMERINDIAN MIGRATION

The first Amerindian Natives are said to have arrived

from Asia across the Bering land bridge between
30,000 and 12,000 years ago (BP) and were said to
be the first to settle in the greater Antilles. They were
nomadic because the animals they hunted moved
about in quest of food they also relied on animals for
clothing and shelter, sleeping in animal hide tents as
they traveled over Beringia.
THE THREE MAIN GROUPS OF
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE
CARIBBEAN IN 1492

Tainos
Arawak's
Caribs
 INVASION OF THE SPANIARDS
ON THE AMERINDIANS.
The Tainos were said to be "calm," whereas the Caribs were
portrayed as "warlike cannibals. However, when the Europeans
invaded the Caribbean with intention of enslaving the Tainos they
were unsuccessful since the Tainos resisted their subjugation and
annihilation. Since they were unsuccessful with enslaving the Taino
population and were in need of slave labor, they exploited the “myth
of cannibalism ” . This was to portray the Caribs as bestial and
deserving of enslavement or extermination. This was an excuse to
make war with the Caribs in order to subdue them
DISTRIBUTION OF THE TAINO'S
IN THE CARIBBEAN
 EUROPEAN MIGRATION
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator who
completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. On his First
voyage he carried back evidence of gold (found in the Caribbean) to
show the King and Queen of Spain. As a result he was met with a
flood of Spaniards eager to “seek their fortunes” . Conquistadors and
soldiers came to plunder, priests came to convert the ‘heathen’, and
administrators
came to organize society and arrange that the gold and
silver of the ‘Spanish Main’ be delivered solely to Spain.
 SLAVERY IN THE CARIBBEAN

Hispaniola was the first recognized Spanish governmental colony in

America and Europe. When Europeans migrated to the Caribbean in

search of wealth, they enslaved indigenous people (Amerindians)

who were fit for conversion into slave labor, took their land,

murdered their leaders, and worked the mines until the metals were

depleted.
EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN
THE CARIBBEAN.

British: In 1625, Barbados became the first

British settlement in the Caribbean, and in

1655, the British acquired control of Jamaica.

EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN
THE CARIBBEAN CONT’D

French: Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc was a

French Caribbean trader and adventurer who

founded the first permanent French colony,

Saint-Pierre, on the island of Martinique in

1635.
EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN
THE CARIBBEAN CONT’D

Spain: Hispaniola is The first true European

colonization in the Caribbean occurred in 1502

when Nicolás de Ovando, a loyal soldier from

western Spain, landed 2,500 Spanish colonists in

eastern Hispaniola.
EUROPEAN TERRITORIES IN THE CARIBBEAN
 MIGRATION OF AFRICANS

The biggest migration to the Caribbean was forced migration of

enslaved people from Africa through the Transatlantic Slave Trade.

Many of the merchants who settled in the Caribbean during the 17th

and 18th centuries were involved in slave trading. The spread of

sugar plantations in the Caribbean created a great need for workers.

The planters increasingly turned to buying enslaved men, women and

children who were brought from Africa.

MIGRATION OF EAST INDIANS

From 1838 East Indians were brought from India to the

Caribbean in large numbers as indentured laborer's, following

the abolition of slavery, the shortage of labor resulted and the

introduction of the indentureship systems, in all states except

Barbados and Haiti.

 MIGRATION OF CHINESE

There are three main waves of Chinese migration to the

Caribbean region. The first wave of Chinese consisted of

indentured laborer's who were brought to the Caribbean

predominantly Trinidad, British Guiana and Cuba, to work on

sugar plantations during the post-Emancipation period.

MIGRATION OF CHINESE
CONT’D

The second wave of Chinese immigrants took place after

abolition of slavery. Most of the immigrants came from the

southern Guangdong province. The immigrants arrived in

Trinidad as indentured laborer's between 1853 and 1866.

MIGRATION OF CHINESE
CONT’D

The third wave of Chinese migration began after 1911 and was a

direct result of the Chinese revolution. These new immigrants

comprised families and friends of earlier migrants. They did not

work on the estates but came as merchants, traders and

shopkeepers.
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
HIGHLIGHTING THE
MIGRATION PROCESS

Migration- this is the movement of persons or

animals from one place to another.

Archaic- this is defined as old fashion; something

that is no longer in everyday use but sometimes used

to bring out an old-fashioned flavor.

Pre-ceramic- this is relating to age or culture prior to

period when pottery making was appears.

Saladoid- this is basically a culture; a pre-Columbian

indigenous culture of territory in present day

Venezuela and the Caribbean. The Saladoid people

are the Arawak's.

Ostionoid- this is another culture or tradition

associated with the three-ceramic series.

The Ostionoid are basically the Tainos.

Archeologist- this is a person who studies human

history and prehistory through artifacts and sites.

Urban- an urban area is the region surrounding a

city. Urban areas are very developed, meaning there

is a density of houses, commercial buildings, roads,

bridges, and railways.

Sub-urban- A suburb (or suburban area) is a mixed-

use or residential area, existing either as part of a city

or urban area or as a separate residential community.

Stagnated- this means to cease, to run or flow.
Emigration- the act of leaving one's own country to

settle permanently in another.

THE INDENTURESHIP SYSTEM

This was the recruitment under false pretenses of marginalized

persons of Asian descent in the 1830s , this system was brought

into place to create a large workforce which provides cheap and

reliable labor to decrease the impact of post emancipation

Indentureship created a diversified society on language, way of

life ,et al. But it also created a plural society where the races

mixed but remained divided

 Migration

Migration is the movement of persons to a new area

or country in order to find work or better living

conditions; migration may be internal (urban and

suburban) which immigration or external (country

to country ) which is emigration

Persons may choose to migrate for
various reasons some being

Economic reasons; labor standards, unemployment

and the overall health of a country's' economy ,higher

wages, better employment opportunities, a higher

standard of living and educational opportunities

ECONOMIC REASON FOR
MIGRATION
To Evade Wars or Natural disasters

Natural disasters and wars create a stagnated

economy meaning person wouldn’t have a stable set

of income to provide necessities .

 Crime rates

Persons are more likely to move to areas with low

crime rates rather than areas with high crime rates

 Family issues

Persons may migrate to take care of sick or elderly

relatives, marriage purpose, religious purposes etc.

 REFERENCES

Mohammed, J. (2015). Caribbean Studies for

CAPE examinations second edition. Macmillan
education.