HISTORICAL

DEVELOPMENT OF THE
PHILIPPINE POLITICS
LESSON 5
LESSON 5
THE PRE-SPANISH
GOVERNMENT
The early Filipinos had a government
which they called “BARANGAY”.
The head or the leader was called
“DATU” or “RAJAH” who was assisted
by the elders in the community.
The “Datu” or “Rajah” was the chief
executive, law giver, chief judge and
the military head.
The three social classes at that time
are : “MAHARLIKA” (nobles) ,
“TIMAWAS” (freemen), and the
“ALIPIN” (slaves).
GOVERNMENT IN THE
PHILIPPINES UNDER
SPANISH RULE
The Philippines was governed indirectly by the
King of Spain through the VICEROY OF MEXICO.
When Mexico, also a former colony of spain
gained her freedom in 1821, the Philippine was
ruled directly by spain until 1898.
The government established on the Philippines
was CENTRALIZED. The National Government
was headed by a Spanish Governor General,
who was appointed by the King of Spain.
The Governor-General was at times called the
“Representative of the King of Spain” or the
“Little King in the Philippines”.
 Andres Bonifacio, organized the
KATIPUNAN, a secret
revolutionary organization of the
Filipinos. Its aim was a complete
separation from Spain.It
precipitated the Philip[pine
Revolution on August 26, 1896. It
was replaced by another
Government when it was
discovered by the Spanish
Authorities. The new Government
was headed by Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo as President in the
Tejeros Convention held on
MARCH 22-23, 1897.
 The Biak-Na-Bato Republic was created by
Gen. Aguinaldo on November 1, 1897. Its aim
was separation from SPAIN and formation of
the Philippines as an independent state. The
Republic existed until December 15, 1897,
with the signing of the Pact of Biak-Na-Bato.
THE GOVERNMENT
DURING THE
AMERICAN REGIME
The Americans started the military rule in the
Philippines on August 14, 1898.
The president of the United States delegated his
authority to the military governor who exercised
all powers of the government (as long as the
war lasted)- executive, legislative, and judiciary.
The Spooner Amendment ended the military
regime in the Philippines.
It was changed into civil government headed by
a civil governor on July 4, 1901.
The title was later changed to Governor General
on February 6, 1905.
THE GOVERNOR GENERAL HAS LEGISLATIVE
POWERS, AND HE WAS THE PRESIDENT OF
THE PHILIPPINE COMISSION FROM 1901-
1907.
THE PHILIPPINE COMISSION WAS THE
LAWMAKING BODY OF THE GOVERNMENT.
THE JONES LAW OF 1916 WHICH BECAME
THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES
VESTED THE LEGISLATIVE POWER IN AN ALL-
FILIPINO LAWMAKING BODY COMPOSED OF
THE PHILIPPINE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF
THE REPRESENTATIVE.
 THE
COMMONWEALTH
GOVERNMENT
The-Tydings-McDuffie Law in 1934
established the Commonwealth Government.
It provided for a ten-year transition period
after which the Philippines independence
would be proclaimed and established.
The Commonwealth Government was
inaugurated on November 15,1935.
The First National election in the country was
held on September 12, 1935.
Manuel Quezon was the President while
Sergio Osmenia is the Vice President.
 THE GOVERNMENT
UNDER THE JAPANESE
OCCUPATION
The Japanese military administration was
established in Manila on January 3, 1942.
A civil government which was called the
Philippine Executive Commission was
established with Jorge B. Vargas as Chairman.
On October 14,1943, the Japanese-sponsored
Philippine republic with Jose P. Laurel as the
President was inaugurated.
The ultimate source of authority was the
Japanese administrators. It was dissolved on
August 17,1945.
THE PRESIDENTS OF
THE PHILIPPINES
 THE FIRST
PRESIDENT OF THE
PHILIPPINES. HE LED
THE FILIPINOS IN
FIGHTING AGAINST
THE SPANIARDS AND
THE AMERICANS.

1898-1901

EMILLIO AGUINALDO
 THE FIRST SENATE
PRESIDENT ELECTED AS
PRESIDENT OF THE
PHILIPPINES. FIRST
ELECTED IN A NATIONAL
ELECTION. HE MADE
TGALOG/FILIPINO THE
NATIONAL LANGUAGE OF
THE PHILIPPINES.

1935-1944

MANUEL QUEZON
 WAS THE PRESIDENT
OF THE PHILIPPINES
DURING THE JAPANESE
WAR OCCUPATION
WORLD WAR II.

1943-1945

JOSE P. LAUREL
 HE WAS THE OLDEST
PRESIDENT AT 65 TO
HOLD OFFICE. HE
REHABILITATED THE
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
BANK, AND THE
PHILIPPINES JOINED
INTERNATIONAL
MONEYTARY FUND.

1944-1946

SERGIO OSMENA
 THE FIRST PRESIDENT
OF THE THIRD
REPUBLIC AND
DURING HIS
ADMINISTRATION
THE PHILIPPINES
STARTED
RECONSTRUCTING
WAR DAMAGES.

1946-1948

MANUEL ROXAS
 HE RAN FOR THE
PRESIDENT IN HIS OWN
RIGHT IN 1949 WINNING A
FOUR YEAR TERM. HE
SERVED AS THE SECOND
PRESIDENT OF THE THIRD
REPUBLIC.

1948-1953

ELPIDIO QUIRINO
 HE SUCCEDED QUIRINO
BUT WAS NOT ABLE TO
FINISH HIS TERM AS HE
DIED IN A PLANE CRASH
ON MARCH 17,1957.

1953-1957

RAMON MAGSAYSAY
THE 4TH PRESIDENT
OF THE THIRD
REPUBLIC WAS
KLNOW FOR HIS
FILIPINO FIRST
POLICY.

1957-1961

CARLOS P. GARCIA
 HIS ADMINISTRATION WAS
KNOWN FOR ITS SOCIO-
ECONOMIC PROGRAMS,
THE ABOLITION OF
TENANCY AND THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF LAND
BANK.

1961-1965

DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
 BECAME THE
PRESIDENT IN 1965
AND WAS REELECTED IN
1969. HE DECLARED
MARTIAL LAW ON
SEPTEMBER 21,1972.

1965-1986

FERDINAND MARCOS
 BECAME THE FIRST
WOMEN PRESIDENT.
SHE LACKED
POLITICAL
EXPERIENCE, BUT SHE
SURVIVED SEVEN
COUP ATTEMPTS.

1986-1992

CORAZON AQUINO
BECAME THE PRESIDENT
IN 1992 AND DECLARED
RECONCILLIATION.KNOW
N FOR HIS PROGRAM
PHILIPPINES 2000.

1992-1998

FIDEL V. RAMOS
 FAMOUS MOVIE ACTOR
WHO BECAME THE
PRESIDENT BU A
LANDLIDE VICTORY IN
1998.

1998-2001

JOSEPH ESTRADA
 THE DAUGHTER OF THE
LATE PRESIDENT
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL.

2001-2010

GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO

 THE SON OF FORMER
PRESIDENT, CORY
AQUINO.

2010-2016

BENIGNO AQUINO III

 Rodrigo Roa Duterte, KGCR,
also known as Digong and
Rody, is a Filipino politician
who is the 16th and current
President of the Philippines
and the first from Mindanao,
the southernmost major
island group of the country,
to hold the office. He is the
chair of the ruling PDP–Laban
party.

2016 -

RODRIGO DUTERTE