River Nile
➢ River Nile is the world longest
river, it measures 6648 kilometers
long from its sources to its mouth
in the Mediterranean sea.
➢ It drains about 3.4 million square
kilometers.
➢ Most people in Egypt and Sudan
lives along the banks river Nile .
➢ The main source of river Nile is
white Nile which starts from
western part of Uganda near
Burundi border ,The white Nile
is later joined by Blue Nile which
is flowing from Ethiopia
THE ASWAN HIGH DAM
Aswan high dam is one of the numerous dam
that have been constructed along the Nile
River ‘This dam is located in Egypt.”
This was built to control the flow of water in
river Nile.
The aswan High dam is the biggest dam , it
has a reservoir called lake Nasser, Lake
Nasser is one of the biggest Man made lake in
Africa.
The main Purpose for its construction is to :
I. Control floods
II. Provide water for Irrigation.
III. Generation of Hydro –Electric power.
We also have Owen falls Dam in
Uganda Near Jinja City
THE RIVER AMAZON
The River Amazon
and the Nile River
are the two world
largest rivers.
River Nile is the longest
river while amazon is the
biggest river ,
River Amazon has the
largest river basin . And
has larger
volume of water
THE COURSE OF RIVER AMAZON
The river Amazon flow for about 6440 km long across
the south American Continent .
It begins from the tinny streams of about 100, in the
Andes Mountains.
Amazon rivers flows eastward to the Atlantic Ocean.
Hundreds of smaller rivers or tributaries flows into the
main river , forming the amazon river basin of an area of
about 7.5 millions Kilometer Square.
When the Amazon river reaches the Atlantic ocean it
forms a wider mouth of about 300 km wide.
River Amazon Carries about one fifth of all the fresh
waters than runs across the earth.
River Amazon is deeper near its mouths ,that large
vessels can be able to sail upstream to the city of
Manaus in Brazil.
THE AMAZON RAINFOREST
The Amazon rainforest is the largest area of
rainforest on earth.
It covers an area more than half the size of the
united states of America.
The amazon rainforest is found in the continent
of south America.
Amazon rainforest is one of the largest tropical
rainforest.
The amazon rain forest is hot and wet(humid)
throughout the year.
THE MURRAY RIVER
The river Murray is the
longest river system in
Australia.
River Murray starts or
begins from the range
known Australian alps.
Murray river together with
its tributaries is about 2520
kilometer long.
Importance of River Murray
It provides water for irrigation
and domestic use.
It offers site for Hydro
Electric power generation.
It offers transport .
Polluted rivers
Many villages , cities, and towns have been
built along the river so that people can
make use of the water.
Unfortunately the water that people
return to the river after they have
used , contains harmful substances
that pollute the river.
CAUSES OF RIVER POLLUTION
Rivers are polluted by the following
factors
a. Directing untreated sewages from home,
Schools and factories to the river.
b. Chemical waste from factories and
mines.
c. Agricultural chemicals such as ,
pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers.
d. Dumping of solid wastes near the rivers.
e. Used oil,
PREVENTING RIVER POLLUTION
The following are some ways of
preventing river pollution.
I. Having Strict laws that makes it
illegal to pollute the rivers.
II. Treating sewages before releasing
them to the river.
III. Making of factories and mines pay for
river cleaning if they are found
polluting them.
IV. Educating people on the dangers of
polluting rivers .
V. Making factories remove harmful
substances from their waste water
before they let it flow to the river.
IMPACTS OF RIVERS
• A flood is a high flow of water which overtops the bank of a river.
• The primary causes of floods are mainly the result of external climatic forces.
Secondary flood causes tend to be drainage basin specific.
• Floods are a natural feature of all rivers. For most of the time a river is
contained in its channel but at other times it may burst its bank and a flood
occurs.
• Floods bring advantages such as water and fertile alluvium (river deposits or
silt) which allow farmers to grow crops. But the problem is that they may
bring too much water and too much silt.
• The results can be devastating, as the experienced
• River bank erosion can cause population displacement and socio-economic
impacts. For example, the River Meghna in Bangladesh and causing residents
to lose all their possessions.
• Among the worst affected areas were the villages of Shikarpur, Kandargoan
and Bhanipur. Many displaced farmers become day labourers .
• Budalangi area along the banks of River yala and Nzoia in Kenya,Lower parts
of Tana River is also prone to flooding.
• As over 80 per cent of people are employed in farming, the loss of land leads
to widespread unemployment.
