MÚSCULOS

VALERIA SAAVEDRA
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03
THE DISEASE DIAGNOSIS ADVICES
You can describe the topic You can describe the topic You can describe the topic
of the section here of the section here of the section here

04 05 06
PATHOLOGY TREATMENT CONCLUSIONS
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of the section here of the section here of the section here
INTRODUCCIÓN
Aproximadamente el 40% del cuerpo es musculo
esqueletico y el 10% es musculo liso y cardiaco
01

PLACA MOTORA
02
ANATOMIA DEL
MUSCULO
ESQUELETICO
ANATOMIA FISIOLOGICA
• Sarcolema
• Actina
• Miosina
• Sarcoplasma
• Retículo sarcoplásmico
• Sarcómero
• Titinas
• Receptores de dihidropiridina
• Receptores de rianodina
• Puente cruzado
• Calsecuestrina
SARCOLEMA
• es la fina capa que envuelva la fibra musculoesquelética
• Formada por membrana plasmática
• Posee fibrillas delgadas de colágeno
• Sus dos extremos se fusionan con la fibra tendinosa
• Y las fibras tendinosas juntas forman tendones musculares
SARCOPLASMA
• Es el liquido intracelular entre las miofibrillas
• Contiene K, Mg, P, enzimas proteicas
• Muchas mitocondrias  mayor contracción por la gran energía de ATP
RETICULO SARCOPLASMICO
• Es el retículo endoplásmico
• Controla la contracción muscular extensos
• Rodea las miofibrillas
SARCOMERO
• El sarcómero es la unidad funcional mas pequeña de la fibra muscular
• Posee filamentos delgados, filamentos gruesos, proteínas estructurales y proteínas reguladoras
PROTEINAS ESTRUCTURALES
• Titinas: proteínas que se unen al disco z. es elástica y permite aumentar la longitud del musculo
• Alfa actinina: proteína que pertenece a los discos z y se une a la proteína
• Miomesina: proteína que forma la línea M y une filamentos gruesos conjuntos
• Nebulina: proteína que envuelve todo el filamento fino y fija los discos z
• Distrofina: proteína que une a filamentos finos a proteínas del sarcolema que se unen a tejido conjuntivo óseo que
ayudan a tensionar tendones
PROTEINAS REGULADORAS
• Tropomiosina: es la proteína reguladora que se compone del filamento fino y permite que la fibra muscular esta
relajada que cubre el sitio de unión de la miosina para evitar que se unan
• Troponinas. Actua como un candado, permite o no la unión de actina y miosina
• Tipos de troponinas:
• Troponina C: en miocardio y musculo esquelético (no se tiene en cuenta en la clínica)
PROTEINAS REGULADORAS
• Troponina I:
-Troponina I 1: musculo esquelético de contracción lenta
-Troponina I 2: musculo esquelético de contracción rápida
-Troponina I 3: Cardiaca (aplicación clínica)
• Troponina T
-Troponina T 1: musculo esquelético de contracción lenta
-Troponina T2: cardiaca (aplicación clínica)
-Troponina T3: musculo esquelético de contracción rapida
TROPONINA
1. Prueba de troponina: esta en el musculo del corazón y al haber un daño, se libera en sangre y aumenta
2. Troponina I: valores normales: >0.04 ng/ml
3. Posible ataque cardiaco: >0.40 ng/ml
FIBRAS DELGADAS
• Es una proteína que ayuda a la contracción muscular
• Es muy “apegada” a la miosina
• Permite la movilización de células
• Tiene forma de racimo de uvas
• La actina es el “imán” para la miosina
FIBRAS GRUESAS
• Tiene forma de cabeza de serpiente
• La clave para la contracción
• Se le une el ATP para dar con la contracción
• Capaz de moverse sobre filamentos de actina en el citosol
FIBRAS GRUESAS TIPOS
• 1) miosina 1: participa en el movimiento de los queratocitos (glóbulos rojos maduros)
• 2) miosina 2: da la rigidez de la membrana plasmática, participa en la citocinesis y contracción muscular
• citocinesis
RECEPTORES DE DIHIDROPIRIDINA
• Es un canal de calcio sensible a voltaje
• Comanda la contracción muscular gracias a la despolarización
RECEPTORES DE RIANODINA
• Los receptores de rianodina permiten la liberación del Ca desde el retículo sarcoplásmico
• Importante para la contracción muscular
CALSECUESTRINA
• La calsecuetrina es una proteína dentro del retículo sarcoplásmico donde se une con el Ca2+
• Es capaz de almacenar el calcio en una cantidad suficiente para hacer contracciones repetidas
PASO A PASO DE LA CONTRACCIÓN
1. Potencial de acción llega a la fibra motora hasta sus terminales sobre fibras musculares
2. En cada terminal, el nervio secreta acetilcolina
3. La acetilcolina actúa en la zona local de membrana de la fibra muscular para abrir muchos canales de cationes
activados por acetilcolina que flotan en la membrana
4. La apertura de los canales activados por acetilcolina permite grandes cantidades de iones sodio difundan hacia el
interior de la membrana de la fibra muscular. Esto permite la despolarización local que lleva la apertura de los
canales de sodio activados por voltaje. Esto inicia el potencial de acción
5. El potencial de acción viaja a lo largo de la membrana de la fibra muscular de la misma manera que los potenciales
de acción que viajan por las fibras nerviosas
6. El potencial de acción despolariza la membrana muscular y gran parte de la electricidad del P.A. fluye en el centro
de la fibra muscular donde hace que el retículo sarcoplásmico libera grandes cantidades de iones de calcio que se
han almacenado en el interior del retículo
PASO A PASO DE LA CONTRACCIÓN
7. Los iones de calcio inician fuerzas de atracción entre los filamentos de actina y miosina, haciendo que se
ghdeslicen unos sobre otro en sentido longitudinal, lo que produce la contracción

8. después de una fracción de segundo los iones de calcio son bombeados de nuevo hacia el retículo fgfsarcoplásmico
por una bomba de Ca de la membrana y permanecen almacenados en el retículo hasta ffgque llega un nuevo potencial de
acción muscular. Esta retirada de los iones de calcio desde las drfmiofibrillas hace que cese la contracción muscular
PUENTES CRUZADOS
BIBLIOGRAFIA
• Tratado de fisiología médica DUODÉCIMA EDICIÓN Guyton & Hall John E. Hall, Ph.D. © 2011 Elsevier
España, S.L.
• http://www.facmed.unam.mx/Libro-NeuroFisio/10-Sistema%20Motor/10a-Movimiento/Textos/MuscAnatomia.htm
l#:~:text=Los%20sarc%C3%B3meros%20son%20las%20unidades,los%20filamentos%20delgados%20y%20grues
os
.
• https://es.slideshare.net/jorgeespinozarojas/1-troponinas-elevadas-en-ausencia-de-sca
• https://www.lifeder.com/miosina/
• https://www.lareferencia.info/vufind/Record/CL_4c0ef7969e437aac2f2680bec8f098f8/Description#tabnav
• https://www.conicet.gov.ar/new_scp/detalle.php?keywords=&id=29334&congresos=yes&detalles=yes&congr_id=
5532610
• http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-99402006000800003#:~:text=La
%20calsecuestrina%20(CSQ)%20es%20la,mM)%20para%20permitir%20contracciones%20repetidas.
 ABOUT THE DISEASE

MERCURY VENUS MARS

It’s the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
Sun and the smallest in the and is the second planet actually a cold place. It’s full
Solar System from the Sun of iron oxide dust
ABOUT THE
DISEASE
Do you know what helps you make your point clear?

Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss

the point of your presentation
CONCEPTS AND TYPOLOGY

VENUS JUPITER
Venus is the second planet It’s the biggest planet in the
from the Sun Solar System

MARS SATURN
Despite being red, Mars is Saturn is a gas giant and
a cold place has several rings
 PATHOLOGY
MERCURY VENUS
It’s the closest planet to It’s the second planet
the Sun from the Sun

JUPITER MARS
It’s the biggest planet Mars is actually a very
of them all cold place

SATURN NEPTUNE
It’s composed of It’s the farthest planet
hydrogen and helium from the Sun
 25,600
It’s the closest planet to the Sun

1 million
Venus is the second planet from the Sun

23h 5min
Mars is actually a very cold place
 SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE

VENUS JUPITER
Venus is the second It’s the biggest planet in
planet from the Sun the Solar System

MARS SATURN
Despite being red, Mars Saturn is a gas giant and
is a cold place has several rings
AWESOME
WORDS
 RISK FACTORS
40% 20%
VENUS SATURN

40%
NEPTUNE
* To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the data and paste the new graph here, replacing this one
A PICTURE ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE
CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember:
use an image instead of a long text. Your audience
will appreciate that
 02
ABOUT THE
DISEASE
You can enter a subtitle here if
you need it
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.”
—SOMEONE FAMOUS
 DIAGNOSIS

01 03
VENUS 02 JUPITER 04
Venus is the MARS It’s the biggest SATURN
second planet planet in the
Despite being Saturn is a gas
from the Sun Solar System
red, Mars is a giant and has
cold place several rings
 OUR TEAM
JOHN JAMES
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own

JENNA DOE
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own
 REFERENCES

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
 PREVENTION
Do you know what helps you make your point
clear?

Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience

won’t miss the point of your presentation
 TREATMENT

VENUS SATURN MARS

Venus is the second It’s a gas giant and Despite being red,
planet from the Sun has several rings Mars is a cold place

TREATMENT A

TREATMENT B
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
234,632,652
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 RECOMMENDATIONS
SHOULD DO
1. Here you can describe what the
patient should do
2. Here you can describe what the
patient should do
3. Here you can describe what the
patient should do
4. Here you can describe what the
patient should do
SHOULD NOT DO
1. Here you can describe what the
patient shouldn’t do
2. Here you can describe what the
patient shouldn’t do
3. Here you can describe what the
patient shouldn’t do
4. Here you can describe what the
patient shouldn’t do
 PREVALENCE

70%
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings

30%
It’s the biggest planet in
the Solar System
 CONCLUSIONS

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and

the smallest one in the Solar System

● Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest

planet in the Solar System
● Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun
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