Basic Computer

Organization
 The cycle during which a machine language
instruction is executed by the processor of the
computer system is known as machine cycle.

Machine Cycle
 Fetching: The CPU retrieves the
instruction from the main memory of
the computer system.
Decoding: Breaking down the
instruction into different parts, so that it
can be easily understood before being
processed by the CPU.

Instruction Cycle
 Executing: The decoded instruction
is executed by the ALU of the CPU.
Storing: The result computed in the
execution phase is either sent to the
memory or to an output device.

Execution Cycle
Registers
Arithmetic Unit
LogicUnit
Control Unit

Central Processing Unit

CPU contains a few special purpose,
temporary storage units known as
registers. They are high-speed memory
locations used for holding instructions,
data and intermediate results that are
currently being processed.

Registers
Arithmetic Unit is a part of the CPU that
performs arithmetic operations on the
data. The arithmetic operations can be
addition, subtraction, multiplication or
division.

Arithmetic Unit
Logic Unit is a part of the CPU that
performs logical operations on the data.

Logic Unit
Control Unit is an important component of
CPU that controls the flow of data and
information. It maintains the sequence of
operations being performed by the CPU.

Control Unit
The main memory is referred to as the
internal memory of primary memory of
the computer. It is also known as Random
Access Memory (RAM).

Main Memory Unit

Cache memory is a small, fast and
expensive memory that stores the copies
of data that needs to be accessed
frequently from the main memory.

Cache Memory