Presented by :

MR. AMIR B. MOHAMED

CIAST, SHAH ALAM
SELANGOR
KEMALANGAN
JALANRAYA
MELIBATKAN
KERETA DAN
LORI KREN
Kemalangan
Di Pejabat
 RESULTS
HIGHER COST & LOWER PROFIT
MONEY SPENT FOR ACCIDENT IS NOT LIKE MONEY
SPENT FOR MATERIAL OR WAGES. THERE IS NO
RETURN ON MONEY SPENT FOR ACCIDENT.
 ACCIDENT COSTS ICEBERG
INSURED  Medical (covering injury, ill health)
COSTS (1)  Compensation

 Building damage
 Tool, equipment, material, product damage
 Production delays and interruptions
THE  Legal expenses
HIDDEN  Expenditure on emergency first aid supplies
UNINSURED  Interim equipment rentals
COSTS  Investigation time/clearing site
(8 – 36  Wages paid for time lost
as much as  Costs hiring and/or training replacements
insured costs)  Overtime working
 Extra supervisor time
 Loss of expertise/experience
 Decreased output of injured worker upon return
 Loss of business and goodwill
Accidents are
 An unplannd event which results in unacceptBLE
consequences
 An undesieable event wich interupte normak
activiti
 An unexpetable, unplanned event in sequnce of
evnt,that occurs through a combination of
courses. It result in injury of disease to an
individual, damage to property or equipment, a
near-miss, a loss or any combination of these
effects
 THE HUMAN FACTOR
DIRECTLY INDIRECTLY
INVOLVED INVOLVED
 Fatigue  Fault with the
 Stress original design of a
 Taking shorts cut piece of equipment.
 Lack of experience  Inappropriate
 Lack of training purchasing decisions.
 Lack of concentration  Behavior of fellow
 Not wearing individuals in the
appropriate PPE workplace.
 Using incorrect tool
 Not following work
practices
 UNSAFE ACTS OF PERSON
 Operating without clearance/failure to secure or warn.
 Operating or working at unsafe speed.
 Making safety devices inoperative.
 Using unsafe equipment or equipment unsafely.
 Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining, etc.
 Taking unsafe position of posture.
 Working on moving of dangerous equipment.
 Distracting, teasing, abusing, startling,
etc.
 Failure to use safe attire or personal
protective devices.
 UNSAFE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
 Inadequately guarded, guards of improper height, strength, mesh, etc.
 Unguarded absence of required guards.
 Defective, rough, sharp, slippery, decayed, cracked, etc.
 Unsafely designed machines, tools, etc.
 Unsafely arranged, poor housekeeping, congestion, blocked exits, etc.
 Inadequately lighted, sources of glare, etc.
 Inadequately ventilated impure air sources, etc.
 Unsafely clothed, no goggles, gloves, masks,
wearing high heels, etc.
 Unsafe processes, mechanical, chemical,
electrical, nuclear, etc.
 Anything that can cause harm.

Exposure to hazard. A hazard may be

present but there may be little danger
because of the control precautions taken.

Chance or probability (big or small) of

harm actually being done
 AN UNPLANNED EVENT WHICH
RESULTS IN UNACCEPTABLE
CONSEQUENCES

AN UNDESIREABLE EVENT WHICH

INTERRUPTS NORMAL ACTIVITY
“An unexpected, unplanned event in
sequence of events, that occurs
through a combination of causes. It
results in injury or disease
to an individual, damage
to property or equipment,
a near-miss, a loss or any
combination of these effects”.
 Safety is absence of danger.
Safety is an attitude, a frame of mind.
It is the awareness of one’s environment and actions,
all day, everyday. To do this does not require genius, a
PhD, or even a title or rank.
Safety is knowing what is going on; knowing what can
injure anyone or anything; knowing how to prevent that
injury and then acting to prevent it. All it requires is
intelligence and a reasonable amount of native ability
to see, to hear, to smell and to think.
 WORKSAFE PLAN
1. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
2. OSH POLICY, PLAN AND
PROCEDURE
3. CONSULTATION
4. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT
AND RISK CONTROL
5. TRAINING
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

 Attend seminar/training
- OSH Act
- Regulation
- Code of Practice.

 Appoint competent person

- Safety and Health Officer
- Safety and Health Committee
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

 Develop & documented preventive OSH

plans.
- SOP
- Audit, Workplace Inspection
- Job safety analysis (JSA)
- Permit to work

 Allocate sufficient resources

- OSH Policy,
- Management OSH Responsibility
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

 Define & documented accountabilities &

responsibility.
Act 514, Part IV;
- General duties of employers and self-employed
persons to their employees (sec.15).
- Duty to formulate safety and health policy (sec.16).
- General duties of employers and self-employed
persons to persons other then their employees
(sec. 17).
- Duties of an occupier a place of work to persons
other than his employees (sec.18).
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

 Comprehensive OSH surveys.

- Investigation of accident/incident.
- Accident and ill health statistics.
- Previewing legislation and supporting codes of
practice and guide.
- NIOSH/DOSH published information.
- Reviewing relevant Malaysian and International
Standards.
- Reviewing industrial or trade association
guidance.
- Reviewing other published information.
- MSDS/CSDS.
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

 Monitoring performance and progress of

all OSH initiatives.
- OSH meeting
- Audit
- Inspection
- Training
- Maintenance of safety
equipment.
 OSH POLICY, PLAN & PROCEDURES

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
The Act 514 (sec. 16) requires all
employers with more than five
employees, to formulate
a written Safety and
Health Policy of their
workplaces.
 OSH POLICY, PLAN & PROCEDURES

PURPOSE OF POLICY
The Safety and Health Policy
demonstrates the company’s
concern and commitment to
ensure safety and health of
the employees. It acts as a
basis for developing and implementing
programmed for securing safety and health at
the workplace. Finally, it should affect all work
activities and decision making process of the
organization.
 OSH POLICY, PLAN & PROCEDURES
GENERAL POLICY STATEMENT
The first part can be a simple and brief statement of the overall
intent of the employer to look after the safety and health of the
workforce. Among others it should:
1. Indicate that the management accept responsibility for safety
and health of the employees and others who may be affected
by the work activities;
2. Outline the goals of the policy;
3. Establish the importance of safety and health to overall
business performance;
4. Bear a reference to other parts of the policy document which
go into more details; and
5. Be dated and signed by the Chairman or Managing Director, or
whoever speaks for the organization at the highest level.
 NAME OF INDUSTRY
HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY

The ABC Company Sdn. Bhd. is committed to ensure the safety, health and
welfare of all its employees. In fulfilling this requirement and purposely for quality
and productivity improvement, the management must comply with Occupational
Safety and Health Act and others relevant legislation.
For fulfill this requirement, we will:-
1. Provide and maintain a safe and healthy work environment.
2. Provide safe equipment and proper materials.
3. Strive to eliminate any foreseeable hazards.
4. Establish and insist upon, safe methods and safe practices at all times.
5. Comply with legislative requirements.
6. Ensure full staff participation on health and safety matters.
7. Provide education and training for the staff in the jobs that they are required to
do and in the safety standards and rules which apply to their areas.
Safety will take precedence over short cuts or expediency at all times.
All employees have a responsibility to observe safe work practices, rules and
instructions relating to their work. Loss prevention is the direct responsibility of
both management and employees alike.

General Manager:………………… Date :………………..

 OSH POLICY, PLAN & PROCEDURES

ORGANISATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES
 Overall Responsibility
- Chairman, Managing Director, Senior
Executive
 Management Responsibility
- Manager to Supervisor
 Employee Responsibility
 OSH Assistance
- SHO, SHC, First Aiders
Fire Marshal, Welfare
Officer
 OSH POLICY, PLAN & PROCEDURES
ARRANGEMENT (PLAN & PROCEDURE)
 Hazards reporting procedure
 Accident & incident reporting procedure
 Workplace inspection
 Safe system of work
 First-aid
 Emergency preparedness and evacuation
procedure
 OSH induction and other training
 Procedures for contractors and visitor
 OSH promotions (poster, LTI, ceremony)
 Record keeping (medical report, etc.)
 PPE (uses, maintenance)
 CONSULTATION

 Safety and Health Committee

 Employee/workers
 DOSH
 DOE
 BOMBA
 NIOSH
 Other related organisation
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
 Process of recognizing that hazard exist
and defining its characteristics.
 Most important step in risk assessment.
 Methods;
- Accident & ill health statistic
- Investigations of accidents
& incidents
- Audits
- Checklist
- Workplace inspection
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL

RISK ASSESSMENT
 Looking at the possibility of injury
or harm occurring to a person if
exposed to hazard.
 To assess and characterize the
potential risk posed by and
existing or new hazard.
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL

 Methods
TABLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk Assessment
Section Hazard Identification Risk Control Date Completed
Risk Score Risk Level
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL

Step 1: Evaluate the PROBABILITY of injury or

illness.
Value Probability Definition
1 Very High Failure is almost inevitable, most likely to happen.
2 High Failure has occurred often.
Experienced occasional, but not in major
3 Moderate
proportions.
4 Low Isolated failures remotely possible.
Only isolated failures never happened after many
5 Very Low
years.
6 Remote No failures ever happened.
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL
Step 2 : Evaluate EXPOSURE index.
Value Exposure Frequency of Detection
6 Very Rare Once per year or less frequent.
5 Rare 1 to 2 times per year
4 Infrequent Monthly
3 Occasional Weekly
2 Frequent Daily
1 Continuous Hourly
Step 3 : Multiply PROBABILITY x EXPOSURE (PE Factor)
Probability x Exposure = PE Factor
Step 4 : Evaluate the CONSEQUENCES of possible
injury
Definition
Consequences
Injury Plant Environment
Disastrous Fatality Total destruction of Potential for major on/off site injury and
plant. environmental impact. Immediate action
Could happen without required. Prosecution and complaints likely.
warning.
Critical Amputation and/or Major disruption to Potential for major on site injury and on/off
permanent loss of plant/production. site environment impact. Regulators may
bodily function. prosecute and community likely to express
concern.
Serious Chronic Injury (> 1 Major disruption to Potential for major on site injury and on/off
week off normal production. environment impact. Regulators aware of
duties) Portion of product may problem and community might express
need to be scrapped. concern.
Significant Acute injury (<1 Minor repair to plant. Unlikely to cause on/off site injury or
week off normal environment impact. Event can be fully
duties. controlled.
Noticeable First Aid Little to no impact on No on/off site environment impact. Fully
production. controlled by routine procedures.
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL

Step 5 : Determine the RISK SCORE

RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX
Probability x Exposure
Consequence
1 to 3 4 to 8 9 to 15 16 to 25 26 to 36
Disastrous 25 24 22 19 15
Critical 23 21 18 14 10
Serious 20 17 13 9 6
Significant 16 12 8 5 3
Noticeable 11 7 4 2 1
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL

Step 6 : Establish the RISK LEVEL

Level of Risk Risk Score Immediate Action
Very High Risk 21 to 25 Immediately notify team leader/supervisor and
management. Effective interim controls to be implemented
before task commences. Long term control shall be
implemented.
High Risk 16 to 20 Immediately notify team leader/supervisor and HOD.
Interim controls to be in place before task commences.
Appropriate long term controls should be implemented.
Moderate Risk 11 to 15 Communicate hazards to affected personnel within five
working days. Management to implement appropriate long
term controls.
Low Risk 6 to 10 Management to control by routine procedures/instruction.
Very Low Risk 1 to 5 Team leader/supervisor/workers to control.
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL

RISK CONTROL
Information for control measures: Measures which will
 codes of practices. eliminate or reduce the
 industry or trade associations. risk of a person being
 specialists exposed to a hazards.
 MSDS’s
 other publications including
those by manufacturers and
suppliers.
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL

Hierarchy of control measures

Fairly Effective

ELIMINATION

Removing the hazards or hazardous work

practice from the workplace.
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL

Hierarchy of control measures

Most Effective
SUBSTITUTION ISOLATION ENGINEERING
Substituting or Separating the CONTROL
replacing a hazards work practice Modifications to
hazard work from people not tools, equipment,
practice with a involved in the work providing
less hazardous (e.g. marking off guarding to
one. hazardous areas, machinery or
installing equipment.
screens/barriers.
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & CONTROL
Hierarchy of control measures
Least Effective (“Back Up” Controls)
Safe work practices essential
ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Introducing work Should be considered only
practices and limiting when other control measures
the amount of time a are not practicable or to
person is exposed to a increase protection. A last resort
particular hazard. measure.
 TRAINING

MANAGEMENT TRAINING
 The company safety and health policy.
 Their responsibility and accountability.
 Practices and procedures to ensure
responsibilities are met, particularly the
importance of senior management’s
involvement in safety matters.
 Basic concept and theories
of accident prevention.
 Legal obligations.
 TRAINING

SUPERVISOR TRAINING
 Explanation and supervision of work
practices of employees under their
control.
 Provision of effective communication
between management and
workplace.
 Interpretation of occupational
safety and health legislation
and work instructions.
 TRAINING

SUPERVISOR TRAINING
 Instruction of new and transferred employees.
 Continual instruction of all (old and new)
employees when the necessity arises.
 On going monitoring of work practices to
detect and correct any dangerous acts and
conditions in the workplace.
 Reporting and correct investigation of all
accidents, including those not involving
personal or property damage.
 TRAINING

EMPLOYEE TRAINING
 Workplace training (ERP, Hazard &
accident reporting procedure, SOP).
 Induction training.
 Task specific training (PPE, machine
operation/maintenance,
permit to work).
 Refresher training.
 On the job training.