Internet and E-

Mail
 Internet
 The Internet is a collection of computer networks
around the world.
 Internet is the fastest way of communication.
 Internet has no owner. It is controlled by the standards
and protocols developed by the Internet Society. The
internet Society is a non-profit organisation.
 Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) has started
the Internet as ARPANET in 1969.
 More than 4.6 Billions of computers are currently
(2021) connected with the Internet.
Services Of the Internet
 World Wide Web (WWW)
 Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
 Remote Access
 File Sharing
 Streaming of media
 Search Engines
Uniform Resource Locator /URL

 Many Information are stored in the server computers in

Internet.
 Servers are the computers that ready to share its contents
with other computers (clients)
 Many servers use a web site to share their contents.
 The collection of such web sites are referred as the World
Wide Web (WWW)
 There must be a good mechanism to connect with such
websites remotely.
 URL is used to identify the resources that are available in
the internet.
URL එකක කොටස්
IP Address
 IP stands for Internet Protocol
 Internet Protocol (IP) addresses are used to
individually identify all the computers in the
Internet.
 The IP address is indicated in four values from 0 to
255 separated by a decimal point.
 Ex: 172.64.85.42

193.213.78.154
Domain Name
 Domain names gives an identity to all the web
sites which exist in the Internet.
 ex: nie.lk

moe.gov.lk
Top Level Domain
 The domain at the right - most corner of a domain
name is called the Top Level Domain.
 TLD represents the country or the field which the
domain belongs to
 ex: nie.lk --- lk represents the TLD.
Some TLD’s that represents the field and the
country
Some TLD’s that represents the field and the
country
Exercise: Write the Domain name and the
TLD of the given URL’s
DNS –Domain Name System
 The system that use to translate the domain in to
its corresponding IP address is known as Domain
Name System.
How the internet works
Protocol
 The Internet, which does not possess any owner, is
controlled by protocols.
 Ex:
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Client Server Configuration

 The computer that distributes the resources

required by the client computer is called the
server.
 The internet is based on the client – server model.
 16

Some Internet server computers

 Web Server - Storing web pages and providing them to the

client computers
 Mail Server - Storing electronic mail and providing them to
the client computers
 DNS Server - translating URL to IP addresses
 World Wide Web
 World Wide Web is a service provided by the Internet and it
is a large collection of electronic documents (web pages)
saved in web servers all around the world connected to the
internet.
 Sir Tim Berners Lee is the father of WWW.
 Users can access the WWW using the application called web
browser.
 Ex: Google Chrome, Mozilla Fire Fox, Apple Safari, Opera,
Edge
File Transfer Protocol
 FTP is used to transfer large file of one computer
in the internet to another computer.
Remote Access
 Controlling and operating a computer in
the internet remotely is performed
through remote access.
 Functions that can be done with Remote
access are,
1. Installing software of server computers to
client computer.
2. Fixing problems on client computers.
File sharing
 Share resources among the computers
in a network is called file sharing.
 Ex:
 Thousands of users access one web site
at a time.
 When someone check exam results
from the website.
Streaming of media
Search engines
 Ex: google, yahoo, MSN, Alta Vista, Lycos
E-Mail