Measurements and Instrumentation

D r. R a f i q M a n s o o r

Week-13
Energy meter
  ENERGY METER (Explain with the help of circuit
diagram and derive mathematical equations)

 How does it work?

 Construction (Driving system, Moving system, Braking
system, Registering system)

(Assignment No. 01)

 Due Date Date: Dec- 16th or 18th , 2021

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 ENERGY
WHAT IS IT?

Energy is the measure of how much power is consumed

in a given amount of time.

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 ENERGY
WHAT IS IT?

To measure energy we need to keep track of three

quantities:
1. The current consumed by the load
2. The voltage across the load
3. The time

All these three quantities are measured in an energy

meter.

The analog energy meter that we are going to discuss is

called disc-type, induction, or Ferraris energy meter.

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 ENERGY METER
HOW DOES IT WORK?

The energy meter contains

a revolving disc. Its speed
depends on the load
current and load voltage.
The total number of
revolutions made by disk is
counted by a register
(connected to the rotating
disk by a gear train), which
keeps track of how much
watts have been
consumed.
The energy consumed is
specified in kilowatt-hours
or kWh

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 ENERGY METER
CURRENT COILS

To measure how much

current is being drawn by
the consumer, the load
current passes through two
current coils made up of
thick copper wires.

These two coils are in

series with each other and
the load.

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 ENERGY METER
POTENTIAL COIL

To measure load voltage,

another coil, called shunt
coil or potential coil, is
attached parallel to the
load.

This coil is made up of thin

copper wire and has a lot
of turns.

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 ENERGY METER
COPPER SHADING COIL

The current and shunt coils

induce eddy currents in the
aluminum disk. The
interaction of main field
and those fields produced
by the eddy current should
cause the disk to move.
But it can’t unless there is
a phase shift between the
magnetic field of shunt coil
and current coils.

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 ENERGY METER
COPPER SHADING COIL

Imagine the walking

motion of a centipede. If
the centipede moves all its
legs at the same time, It
won’t go anywhere.

Similarly, if all eddy

currents are in the same
direction, the disk won’t
rotate.

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 ENERGY METER
COPPER SHADING COIL

To introduce a phase shift,

a thick copper coil
containing just a single
turn is located just beneath
the shunt coil.

The changing magnetic

fields of the shunt coil
induce eddy currents in the
shading coil:

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 ENERGY METER
COPPER SHADING COIL

The changing magnetic

fields of the shading coil
induce eddy currents in the
moving disk:

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 ENERGY METER
COPPER SHADING COIL

The changing magnetic

fields of the series coils
induce eddy currents in the
moving disk:

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 ENERGY METER
COPPER SHADING COIL

As you can see, the eddy

current due to shunt coil is
90 degree out of phase
with the eddy current due
to the series coil

So centipede-like eddy
currents are established in
the disk which cause the
disk to rotate.

The speed of rotation

depends on load voltage
and load current.

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 ENERGY METER
EDDY CURRENT BRAKING

A braking system is also

necessary. Without it, the
disk would rotate
uncontrollably.

A permanent magnet
generates eddy current
braking. This magnet is
located diametrically
opposite to the series and
shunt coils.

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 ENERGY METER
HOW DOES IT WORK?

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