JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING
Review paper for: Power System Dynamics and Control
Title: Reactive Power Compensation and Voltage Support in Wind Farms Using PV-STATCOM
Prepared by: Gadisa Fayera
Submitted to: Abebe Wolie (Ass. Prof.)
Jimma, Ethiopia
January, 2023
 PRESENTATION CONTENT

• Introduction
• Statement of problem
• Objectives
• Methodology (basic modelling and design)
• Simulation result and discussion
• Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

• The demands for renewable electrical energy are rapidly increasing and have attracted much attention due to their

abundance and clarity.

• Among this renewable electrical energy the wind energy is takes a priority.

• A variable speed wind turbine is one which is specifically designed to operate over a wide range of rotor speeds.

• The reason to vary the rotor speed is to capture the maximum aerodynamic power in the wind, as the wind speed

varies.

• This speed variation power output of wind turbine generator is causes steady-state voltage variations on field wind

farms.

• To overcome this problem most of the wind plant uses shunt capacitors and magnetically coupled reactors to act as

reactive power compensator.

 Cont.…
• When an unanticipated fault occurs, particularly a single line to ground fault, sudden voltage increment

occurs at the generating side that our WTG can’t withstand voltage, which results disconnection of the

system from.

• These phenomena can reduce efficiency of WTG connector transmission line. To control sudden rise of

voltage use different compensator device and FACT devices.

• However all the method listed above has its own drawback technical as well as economical. This paper

addresses how to overcome the above listed problem, by using with newly emerging technology which is

the family of FACT device called PV-STATCOM which has many benefits and also an economical.
Statement of Problem

• Nowadays, the major problems of wind energy farms (Adama I) are related to reactive power, and sudden
increases in voltage due to faults are increasing.
Objective
General Objective
The general objective of this thesis is to design the Reactive Power Compensation and Voltage Support in Wind
Farms Using PV-STATCOM.
Specific objective
• To improve reactive and active power using PV-STATCOM

• utilizing PV-STATCOM to enhance temporary over voltage analysis due to fault

• To analyses the economic benefits of using PV-STATCOM

Methodology
• .Due to their fast response and dynamic reactive power support capability, FACTS controllers were most suitable
to mitigate voltage fluctuation.

• Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is the newly emerging technology, which regulates voltage at its
terminal by controlling the amount of reactive power injected into or absorbed from the power system to improve
system operation efficient and reliable.

Fig. 1 the STATCOM principle of operation diagram: (a) a power circuit, (b) an equivalent circuit, (c) a power exchange
 Modelling some basic parts of the system
Modelling and Control of Direct Derive Synchronous Generator based WTGs

• The low speeds direct derive (gearless) multi-pole PMSG device used in the Adama-1 wind farm's current system
for controlling its wind turbine generator is inefficient and expensive.

• To solve this issue, it would be preferable to replace the old system with a gearbox, which is more efficient and
affordable.
Cont.….
• The other constraint which may directly relationship with the DC-DC output voltage is rotor speed or pitch angle
to extract maximum output power.

Fig. 3 Collective pitch angle/rotor speed control diagram of Adama-I WTGs

 Solar Inverter as Conventional VSC based STATCOM
• The main distinction between PV-STATCOM and regular STATCOM is the addition of a PV array that serves as a capacitor
connection and generates DC output voltage.

Fig.4 Conventional STATCOM versus PV STATCOM comparison diagram

• Since the inverter based solar panels and the VSC based STATCOM devices are similar in structural operation and
functionality.

• The only difference is the addition of new control method termed as PV-STATCOM.
PV-STATCOM

• PV-STATCOM has been used as an automatic voltage regulator at PCC (main substation) of the selected wind
farm.

• This PV-STATCOM is working under d-q transformation principles.

• The interchange of reactive power between the PV-STATCOM and the grid is controlled by the q-axis reference
current, Iq ref (PCC).

• The output of the DC voltage, PI-1, is the reference current Id-ref for the current regulator (Id is current in phase
with voltage which controls active power flow) by comparing it with d-axis measured current output.
Cont.…
• The real power, P and the reactive power, Q outputs in d-q
co-ordinate system is given as [1]

• To achieve the vector control scheme, the d-axis of the

synchronous frame is aligned with the grid voltage
vector, therefore the d-axis grid voltage is equal to its
magnitude (vd = vg), and the resultant q-axis voltage
vq is then equal to zero (vq = 0). Then expressions the
active and reactive power of above equation can be
reduced to:
 Results Analysis and Discussions

 To overcome the problem above we discussed the following system was modelled using Matlab/power sim software.

 This modelled system generate the required reactive power at PCC and at the same time it can generate active power if the
grid is not need a reactive power as we have discussed in PV-STATCOM control mechanisms.

Fig. 6 The overall system model in Matlab/PowerSim

 Cont..
• Simulation result of wind turbine generator of wind farm and its control mechanism without using PV-STATCOM.

Fig. 7 WTG side bus (B620V) and PCC bus (B33kV) output voltage waveforms

• The above result show as WTGs’ side and PCC voltage (p.u) waveforms under normal operating conditions which
is not stable and in a given range.
 Cont..

Fig. 8 Active power (MW) and reactive power (MVar) outputs of the WTGs’

• the PMSG based WTG reactive power, Q(MVar) have positive and negative values, which indicates the generator
is consuming and generating reactive power.

• Simulations results of PV-STATCOM

Fig.9 (a) Grid connected PV-STATCOM three phase output voltage (p.u) during daytime
 Cont..
• This result show as the magnitude of voltage connected to the grid system is in the range of specified valued and
make the system stable.

Fig.10 Active (kW) and reactive power (KVar) outputs of PV-STATCOM without sunlight

• The active power output magnitude of the PV-STATCOM is smaller as compared to the reactive power output.
This indicates that the solar inverter is acting as conventional STATCOM

Results to SLGF occurrence and effect of PV-STATCOM at the WTGs

• A Single Line to Ground occurrences at Adama-I PCC of the WTGs’ is increasing the grid network voltages levels.
 Cont..

Fig.11 WTG side bus (B620V) and PCC bus (B33kV) output voltage waveforms with SLGF

 When SLGF occurs at the transmission line's end close to the PCC of the WTGs' PCC, the single line phase
voltage is driven to zero for 0.1 seconds, overloading the phases that are operating properly.

 However, with the installation of PV-STATCOM at the PCC of the WTGs, the magnitude of the PCC loaded
phase voltage has been enhanced and limited within 1p.u value in magnitude.
Cont..

Fig.12 PCC Phase voltages with PV-STATCOM (without sun radiation) and with SLGF occurrences

Fig. Three phase PCC voltage with PV-STATCOM (with sunny time) and SLGF occurrence
•Generally, PV-STATCOM is used to control active power in addition to reactive power compensation and
voltage support. Because of this, utilizing this gadget has significant financial advantages by lowering
capital expenses.
 Conclusion

• PV-STATCOM installation at the wind farm has successfully achieved reactive power correction and voltage support.

• Results show that by controlling both the active and reactive power, PV-STATCOM is possible to enhance the connectivity of
the WTGs.

• PV-STATCOM minimized the temporary voltage rise as a result of considering SLGF near the PCC of the WF transmission
line for the study of temporary overvoltage.

• In comparison to STATCOM/SVC devices, PV-STATCOM typically has two advantages. The PV-STATCOM may regulate
voltage, reactive power, and active power of the WTGs' network, whereas the STATCOM/SVC are mostly limited to reactive
power regulation or voltage regulation

Reference

[1] BinWu, Yongqiang Lang, Navid Zargari and Samir Kouro, “Power Conversion and Control of Wind Energy Systems,” IEEE-
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. January 2011
Thank you!