GRADE 10 ENGLISH

(WORLD LITERATURE)
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GOOD MORNING
ANCIENT “ARCHAIC”
GREECE
“ARCHAIC”
Refers to the time three centuries before the
classical age, between 800 B.C. and 500 B.C.
Archaic Greece saw advances in art, poetry,
technology but most importantly, it was the age
in which the polis (city-state) was invented. The
polis became the defining feature of Greek
political life for hundreds of years.
 THE BIRTH OF THE CITY-
STATE
During the so-called “Greek Dark Ages”
before the Archaic period, people lived
scattered throughout Greece in small
farming villages. As they grew larger,
these villages began to evolve. They
built walls and marketplaces, developed
governments and organized their
citizens constitutionally. They raised
armies and collected taxes.
 THE BIRTH OF THE CITY-STATE
These poleis (city-states) was said to be
protected by a particular god or goddess,
to whom the citizens owed a great deal
of reverence, respect and sacrifice.
They usually have the same stock and
speech, share temples of the gods and
religious rituals and have similar
customs.
 THE BIRTH OF THE CITY-STATE
They monopolized political power (ex.
Refusing to let ordinary people serve on
councils or assemblies) and also
monopolized the best farmland.
The poor were enslaved to the rich and
had no political rights. Aristotle even
said, “there was conflict between the
nobles and the people for a long time.”
 COLONIZATION
Between 750 B.C. and 600 B.C.,
Greek colonies sprang up from the
Mediterranean to Asia Minor, from
North Africa to the coast of the
Black Sea. By the end of the
seventh century B.C., there were
more than 1,500 colonial poleis.
 COLONIZATION
Each of these poleis was an independent
city-state. In this way, the colonies of the
Archaic period were different from other
colonies: the citizens were not ruled by
or bound to the city-states from which
they came. The new poleis were self
governing and self sufficient.
 THE RISE OF THE TYRANTS
As time passed, many of these
agricultural city-states began to produce
consumer goods such as pottery, cloth,
wine and metalwork. Trading these
goods made some people very wealthy
who resented unchecked power of the
oligarchs and banded together,
sometimes with the aid of hoplites
(heavily-armed soldiers), to put new
leaders in charge.
 THE RISE OF THE TYRANTS
These leaders were called tyrants, who
some turned out to be just as autocratic
as the oligarchs they replaced. Though
others proved to be enlightened leaders,
their rule did not last. The classical
period brought with it a series of
political reforms that created the system PHEIDON OF ARGOS
demokratia or “rule by the people.” ESTABLISHED AN ORDERLY
SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND
MEASURES, WHILE THEAGENS
OF MEGARA BROUGHT
RUNNING WATER TO HIS CITY
 ARCHAIC RENAISSANCE?
The colonial migrations of the Archaic
period had and important effect on its art
and literature: they spread Greek styles
far and wide and encouraged people from
all over to participate in the era’s creative
revolutions.
The economic, political, technological
and artistic developments of the Archaic
period readied the Greek city-states for
the monumental changes of the next few
centuries.
 ARCHAIC RENAISSANCE?
Homer from Ionia produced his
Iliad and Odyssey during the
Archaic period. Sculptors created
kouroi and korai, carefully
proportioned human figures that
served as memorials to the dead.
Scientists and mathematicians
made progress too: Anaximandros
devised a theory of gravity;
Xenophanes wrote about his
discovery of fossils; and
Pythagoras of Kroton discovered
the famous theorem.
FACTS ABOUT
ILIAD
( ILION, ILIOS,
ILIUM)
THE TEN-YEAR SIEGE OF THE
CITY OF TROY BY THE
COALITION OF GREEK STATES
 KEY FACTS
AUTHOR – Homer
TYPE OF WORK – Poem
(15,693 lines)(24 books)
GENRE – Epic
LANGUAGE – Ancient
Greek
 KEY FACTS
DACTYLIC HEXAMETER
- (“heroic hexameter”, “meter of epic”)
- A form of meter or rhythmic scheme in
poetry that has six feet. It is traditionally
associated with the quantitative meter of
classical epic poetry in both Greek and
Latin.
- Was considered as the grand style of
Western classical poetry.
 KEY FACTS
Iliad is not a “true story” but is based
on major events that may have
happened. Based on the archaeological
site of Troy, there were indications that
the city has been burned, which means
that the Ancient Trojans were involved
in wars. Yet the details of these wars
are unknown and the soot sayers don’t
match up exactly with the time the
book said to have taken place.
 KEY FACTS
Iliad is the oldest surviving
European poem. It wasn’t
written down until 500 years
after the events it described take
place. Before Homer’s time, the
story was a poem sung by story
tellers who passed it down
orally from generation to
generation.
 KEY FACTS
Beuowulf is heroic poem,
considered the highest
achievement of Old English
literature and the earliest
European vernacular epic.
Propably composed c.700-750
 KEY FACTS
Biag ni Lam-ang is an epic story
of he Ilocano people from the
Ilocos Region. It is notable for
being the the first Philippine
folk epic to be recorded in
written form.