THE RISE AND FALL OF

GREEKCITY-STATES
THE RISE AND FALL OF
GREEKCITY-STATES

 Beginnings of the Greek Civilization

 Development of the Greek City-States
 Fall City-States
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

1.

Describe the route Greek Art and Literature.
2. Describe the expansion to the Hellenistic Age.
3. Compare the culture of Greek compared to other cultures.
BEGINNINGS OF THE GREEK

CIVILIZATION

 GREECE: THE CRADLE OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION

 Greece, is a small nation - first Western superpower in history.


 Important in Cradle of understanding Western ways and character.
 The Greeks behaved in a manner different from the Asians, the Africans
and the Americans and they invented unique ways of looking at life and
doing things.
 WESTERN WAYS DIFFER FROM THE ASIAN WAYS.

We can briefly summarize these Western characteristics as follows:


(1) their system of government;
(2) their independence; and
(3) their attitude to religion and philosophy.
THE MINOANS: THE FIRST

GREEK CIVILIZATION
 THE MINOANS: THE FIRST GREEK CIVILIZATION

 The Minoans were the richest and most powerful Western superpower
in the Bronze Age.

 The people became the best Western maritime traders during the
Bronze Age.
 The Minoan civilization was said to be the equal of Egypt and
Babylonia in progress and cultural achievement.
 THE MINOANS: THE FIRST GREEK CIVILIZATION

 They built the first palaces in Europe. King Minos ruled from a

beautiful palace at Knossos.
 They worshipped the Minotaur, a half human, half bull god.
 The Minoan civilization was destroyed after 600 years by a volcanic
eruption in Thera, a nearby island, which sent a huge tsunami to Crete.

 
EARLY ACHAEANS
 EARLY ACHAEANS (1450 BC )

 A warlike people called the Achaeans came from


mainland Greece.
 The Achaeans built on the achievements of Minoan
civilization.
 Story of Trojan War

THE DARK AGE IN GREECE:

DORIAN TRIBE
 THE DARK AGE IN GREECE: DORIAN TRIBE


 The triumph of the Achaean Greeks was short-lived because at about
1100 BC the warlike Dorian tribe from the north invaded Greece.
 They defeated the Achaeans, and destroyed their cities.
 Artistic skills and Culture were largely forgotten.
 THE DARK AGE IN GREECE: DORIAN TRIBE

 The unhappy Greeks fled abroad.


 this period came unique contributions to philosophy and
science
DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEK

CITY-STATES
 GREEK CITY-STATES


 The Center of Ancient Greek Life was the City-state.
 Some city states became famous, such as Athens, Sparta, Corinth,
Thebes, and Delphi.
 Sometimes the city-states formed confederations, like the Delian
League, to fight a common enemy.
 GREEK CITY-STATES
There were different forms of government in these city-states. Our modern
classification of the government came from the study of these governments,

especially from the book of Aristotle (384-322 BC) called Politics.

1) a monarchy (good type) or a tyranny (a bad type);

2) an aristocracy (good) or oligarchy (bad); and
3) a democracy (the best).
 DEMOCRACY, THE GREATEST LEGACY OF GREECE

 Greek democracy was far from perfect, but it was their greatest legacy

to the world. It practiced best by the Greek city-state of Athens, which
Aristotle believed had the best type of government.
 Only the adult male citizens could vote; women and slaves could not
vote. Greeks who came from other cities were excluded, too.

 DICTATORIAL SPARTA

 Two major Greek cities- Sparta and Athens became power rivals.
 
Sparta was the capital of Laconia, to the west of Athens.
 They were simple, disciplined and militaristic.
 Today we call people who speak little as "laconic" (for their island).
"Spartan" means a disciplined, simple person.
 DICTATORIAL SPARTA

 Sparta was a monarchy ruled by two kings, assisted by a council of

elders.
 All able males were recruited as soldiers because it was a military state.

Even the women were taught to be strong and exercise and to support
the warriors.
 All Spartan males (regardless of class) were obliged to train and to fight
for their city.
 In Sparta, the individual existed for the state, and not for himself or his
family.
 DICTATORIAL SPARTA

 Spartan women were expected to defend Sparta more

family. Unlike other Greek women,
than their own
Spartan women took part in military drills and
gymnastics.
 "Come back with your shield or on it"

 DEMOCRATIC ATHENS

 It was the best example of democracy and Western civilization in the

ancient world.

 Athens was proudly called "the City on a Hill‘
 The Athenians were fond of politics, culture, and the good life. The
arts, music, literature, philosophy, public speaking, and debate were
encouraged.
 In Athens, the state existed for the individual, and the individual was
more important.
 GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS

Pericles (461-429 BC)

 During his leadership, Athens reached the zenith of its power and glory

 He was the greatest leader of Greece. He was a man of versatile talents, being a
general, political leader, orator and philosopher.
 He also promoted Greek culture and architecture.
 "Age of Pericles.“
 He undertook a building program to make Athens one of the most beautiful cities
in the world.
 

DAZZLING WHITE PARTHENON

 

A TEMPLE TO ATHENA
(the goddess of wisdom and of the city)
 
FALL CITY-STATES
 DECLINE OF ATHENS AND
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR (431-404 BC)

 In 478 BC, Athens organized the Delian League to counter the


Spartan rivals in the Peloponnesian League.
 The Greek island cities gave in to their real weaknesses - pride
and lack of unity.

GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS TO

CIVILIZATION
 GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS TO CIVILIZATION

 Democracy and Politics

 Religion

 Poetry and Music

Greek Drama and Literature

 Architecture and the Arts

 History
 Oratory
 Philosophy and the Scientific Method
REFERENCES

Zaide, G. F. & Zaide, S.M. (2018). WORLD HISTORY for the Postmodern
Filipino (7th Ed.), Greece and Alexander (pp. 82-96). SMZ
Publishing,Quezon City


EFCHARISTO POU
 ME AKOUSES!
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