Gross Features of the

EARTH by AJ Fhol G. Calicdan

and Christian Sebastian
How much do you
know about the Earth?
 AN OVERVIEW

Earth, also known as the world, is the third

planet from the Sun.

The only object in the Universe known to

harbour life.
 AN OVERVIEW
The densest and the LARGEST
amongst terrestrial
planets.
EARTH

VENUS

MERCURY

MARS
 AN OVERVIEW

Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago.

71% of its surface is covered in water.

29% of it is visible land.

How did the
Earth formed?
 FORMATION

Earth formed when gravity pulled

swirling gas and dust in to become
the third planet from the sun
What is the shape
of the Earth?
 SHAPE
The shape of Earth is approximately oblate
spheroidal.
Earth is 40 075 km around at its widest
point, the equator.
SIZE and

Distance
 SIZE AND DISTANCE

With a radius of 6,371 kilometres, Earth is the

biggest of the terrestrial planets, and the fifth
largest planet overall.
 SIZE AND DISTANCE
From an average distance of 93 million miles
(150 million kilometers),

EARTH IS EXACTLY ONE ASTRONOMICAL

UNIT AWAY FROM THE SUN.
Orbit and
Rotation
As Earth orbits the sun, it completes
one rotation every 23.9 hours.

ORBIT AND
ROTATION
It takes 365.25 days to complete one
trip around the sun.

ORBIT AND
ROTATION
Earth's axis of rotation is tilted 23.4 degrees
with respect to the plane of Earth's orbit
around the sun.

ORBIT AND
ROTATION
Chemical
Composition
 Chemical Composition

Earth’s mass is approximately

5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg.

or 5.97×10^24 kg
 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
It is composed mostly
of the following:
• iron (32.1%) • magnesium (13.9%)
• oxygen (30.1%) • sulfur (2.9%)
• silicon (15.1%) • nickel (1.8%)
• calcium (1.5%),
• aluminium (1.4%),
Internal
Structure
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE

Earth is composed of four main layers,

starting with an inner core at the planet's
centre, enveloped by the outer core, mantle
and crust.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
CRUST

MANTLE

OUTER CORE

INNER CORE
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
CRUST
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust

It is very thin in comparison to the other

three layers.
The crust is only 8 kilometers thick under
the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 32
kilometers thick under the continents
(continental crust).
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust

The temperatures of the crust vary from

air temperature on top to about 870
degrees Celsius in the deepest parts of
the crust.
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust

The crust of the Earth is broken into

many pieces called plates.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust
INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust
INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust
INTERNAL STRUCTURE

MANTLE
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the mantle

It is the largest layer of the Earth, 2896

kilometres thick.
The temperature of the mantle varies
from 871 degrees Celsius at the top to
about 2204 degrees Celsius near the
bottom.
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the mantle

The mantle is composed of very hot, dense rock.

This layer of rock even flows like asphalt under a
heavy weight

Because of this the plates "float" on it like oil

floats on water.
THE MANTLE
INTERNAL STRUCTURE

OUTER CORE
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer core
The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot
metals. (2204 degrees C. to 4982 degrees
C.)
The outer core is located about 2896 km.
beneath the crust and is about 2253 km
thick.
It is composed of the melted metals
nickel and iron.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer core
INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer core
INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer core
INTERNAL STRUCTURE

INNER CORE
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the inner core

The inner core is solid in state. The inner

core begins about 6437 km beneath the
crust and is about 1287 km thick.
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the inner core

The temperatures may reach 4982

degree C. and the pressures are
45,000,000 pounds per square inch. This
is 3,000,000 times the air pressure on
you at sea level!
Gross Features of the

EARTH by AJ Fhol G. Calicdan

and Christian Sebastian