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INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
2022-23
Name - Ayush
Class - 12 ‘A’
Roll no. – 11
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CERTIFICATE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T
Primarily I would thank God for being able to complete
this project with success. Then I would like to thank my physics
teacher Mr. …………. , whose valuable guidance has been the
ones that helped me patch this project and make it full proof
success his suggestions and his instructions has served as the
major contributor towards the completion of the project.
Ayush
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INDE
X
1.CERTIFICATE OF
EXCELLENCE
2.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. A I M OF PROJECT
4. INTRODUCTION
5. THEORY
6. APPARATUS REQUIRED
7. PROCEDURE FOLLOWED
8. USES OF TRANSFORMERS
9. CONCLUSION
10.PRECAUTIONS
11.BIBILIOGRAPHY
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AIM OF THE
PROJECT
To study the setting of mixture of cement with sand,
lime and fly ash with respect to time and strength.
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INTRODUCTIO
N
In the most general sense of the word, CEMENT is a
binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can
bind other materials together. The word “ cement “ traces to the
Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe
masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from
crushed rock with burnt lime as binder.
The volcanic ash and a pulverized brick additive that
were added to the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder were
later referred to as cementum, cimentum, ceament and cement.
The most important use of cement is the production of
mortar and concrete.
The bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a
strong building material that is durable in the face of normal
environment effects.
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PORTLAND CEMENT
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Construction of Buildings Using
Cement
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ILLUSTRATION i
(
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The o r y
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EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTING OF CEMENT
MORTAR
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ILLUSTRATION i
i(
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
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LIMESTONE River sand
Cemen f l y ash
t
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PROCEDUR
E
1.Prepare mixtures of various compositions as given in
Observation table.
2.Take each of the given mixtures in different beakers and
prepare their pastes by adding minimum amount of water
3.Take nine cases of empty match boxes and mark them from 1
to 9.
4.Fill the three cases with the paste of each composition.
5.Spray water from time to time over the paste ,so that they
remain moist all the time.
6.After three days, take out one slab of each composition and
test their strengths.
7.Similarly, take out a set of three slabs after 7 days after 30
days respectively and test their strengths.
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OBSERVATION
S
Sl COMPOSITION M I N I M U M WEIGHT TO
OF BREAK THE SLAB
No. MIXTURE AFTER
AND 3 7 10
RATIO
DAYS DAYS DAYS
3. CEMENT:RIVER SAND:LIME 10 15 20
(1:3:1) GRAM GRAM GRAM
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CONCLUSIO
N
The strength of the slab increases with the increase
in setting time allowed.
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PRECAUTION
S
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BIBILIOGRAPH
Y
1. WWW.GOOGLE.COM
2. WWW.SCRIBD.COM
4. WWW.SLIDESHARE.COM
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THE
END
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