Biokimia Hormon Insulin

Insulin Biosynthesis
Synthesis of PREPROINSULIN

Undergoes proteolysis

PROINSULIN

Undergoes cleavage

MATURE INSULIN and C-peptide. Stored together and co-secreted from

secretpry granules in the beta cells.
Sintesis Insulin
1) Encoding insulin gene
2) Translasi insulin mRNA
3) Menjadi preproinsulin
4) Pemutusan peptida di rough endoplasmic
reticulum (rER)
5) Menghasilkan proinsulin
6) Di rER, proinsulin alamin rapid folding dan
disulfide bond formation
7) Hasilkan insulin (sambil ditranspor ke Golgi
apparatus)
8) Ditransport ke Golgi apparatus, packaging
insulin ke dalam secretory granules.
• Clearance C-peptide lebih lambat dibanding insulin  bisa sebagai
marker sekresi insulin dan buat membedakan antara insulin
endogen dan eksogen.
• Adanya peningkatan serum proinsulin pada DM tipe 1 dan 2 
penanda adanya disfungsi sel beta.
Sekresi Insulin

• Glucose is the key regulator of

insulin secretion by the
pancreatic beta cell.
• Glucose levels >3,9mmol/L
(70mg/dL)  stimulate insulin
synthesis.
 Insulin Action
Insulin secreted into portal venous system

~50% is removed and degraded by the liver. Unextracted insulin enters

systemic circulation.

Insulin binding to its receptor

Widespread metabolic and mitogenic effects of insulin (glucose uptake,

glycogen synthesis, protein synthesis, lipogenesis)