SOCIETA

L
STRUCT
KINGDARELL MEJIA

URE
 SOCIAL
STATUS AND
ROLES
SOCIAL STATUS
IS ALL ABOUT THE DYNAMIC
INDIVIDUAL IDENTITYRELATIVE
TO IT'S SOCIAL MOVEMENT. THIS
INTERACTION BETWEEN THE SELF
AND COMMUNITY EQUATES TO
THE INDIVIDUAL'S STATURE IN
SAID THING.
ROLE
IS A SET OF DEFINED AND
EXPECTED BEHAVIOR OR
NORMS THAT IS ASCRIBED TO A
CERTAIN SOCIAL STATUS.
THEORETICAL
PERSPECTIVE
 FUNCTIONALI
SM

• ACCORDING TO FRENCH
SOCIIOLOGIST EMILE DURKHEIM,
THERE IS A GLARING DIFFRENCE HOW
WE LOOK AT INDIVIDUALS AND
COLLECTIVES.
• DURKHEIM ESTABLISHES THAT WHAT
IS TRUE TO AN INDIVIDUAL MAY NOT
BE USED AS A GENERALIZATION IN
DESCRIBING THE SOCIETY HE OR SHE
IN.
 CONFLICT
THEORY
• THIS PERSPECTIVE WAS CREATED BY
KARL MARX, THE FAMOUS AUTHOR OF
DAS KAPITAL AND ONE OF THE
FATHERS OF COMMUNISM.
• CENTRAL TO MARX'S ANALYSIS OF OUR
SOCIETY IS HOW WE SEES THAT
ALMOST EVERYTHING STARTS WITH
ECONOMICS.
• MARX PROPOSE THAT THERE IS A CLASS
CONFLICT FROM THE HAVES AND HAVE-
NOTS.
 SYMBOLIC
INTERACTION
ISM
• A SOCIETY THAT IS CORE
CHARACTERISTICS ARE, IN ITSELF, A
PRODUCT OF THE ON GOING
CONSENSUS HELD BY THE MEMBERS OF
THE COMMUNE.
• SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM TAKES
ITSLEF AWAY FROK THE OTHER
THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVE AS IT
DOES NOT LOOK INTO PRIMARY SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS AS THE MAIN VARIABLE
OF STUDY BUT RATHER LOOKS INTO
INDIIVIDUALS, THEIR HISTORIES, AND
 MEAD'S THEORY OF SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM THAT CAN BE
SUMMED UP INTO THREE MAIN POINTS:

• MEANING CAN BE DIFFERENT FROM

EACH PERSON DPENDING ON HIS OR
HER HISTORY,KNOWLEDGE , AND
ONGOING EXPERIENCE.
• THE MEANING, IN ITSELF, CAN CHANGE
AND WILL INEVITABLE CHNAGE.
• ACTION OR REACTION MAY BE
DIFFERENT DEPENDING ON HOW THE
PERSON SEES THE MEANING.
 SOCIAL STRUCTURE
• SOCIETY IS COMPOSED OF VARIOUS
INTERMINGLING STRUCTURES THAT
CONTINUALLY MAKE INTERACTIONS, THUS
CREATING MEANINGS THAT CENTER ON
PEOPLE.
• THE STRUCTURES CREATED MAKE UP A SET
OF VALUES THYET STEM FFROM THE
COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS OF
INDIVIDUALS.
• A SOCIAL STRUCTURE THEREFORE
PERTAINS TO THE INTERRELATION OF
BEHAVIORS, ROLES, AND STATUSES WHISCH
CONSTITUTEA STABLE NETWORK OF
 POLITICAL STRUCTURE

• A POLITICAL STRUCTURE IS DEFINED

NOT JUST BY THE GOVERNMENT, BUT
ALSO BY GROUPS, OTHER
INSTITUTIONS, AND PRESSURE GRIUOS,
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, AND AS PARTS OF
POLITICAL LANDSCAPE.
CHAPTER 1:
ROLE AND CREATION OF
BARANGAY
Section 384. Role of the Barangay
As the basic political unit, the barangay serves
as the primary planning and implementing
unit of government policies, plans, and
programs, and activities in community, a
nd as a forum wherein the collective views
of the people may be expressed,
crystalized, and considered, and
where disputes may be amicably settled.
CHAPTER 1:
ROLE AND CREATION OF
BARANGAY
Section 385. Manner of Creation
A barangay may be created, divided, merged,
abolished, or its boundary substantially altered, bay
law or by an ordinance of the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan or Sangguniang Panglungsod, subject
to approval by a majority of the votes cast in a
plebiscite to be conducted by the COMELEC in the
local government unit or units directly affected
with such period of time as may be determined by
the law ordinance creating said Barangay.
CHAPTER 1:
ROLE AND CREATION OF
BARANGAY
Section 386. Requisites of creation
• a barangay may be created out of a contigous
territory which has a population of at least two
thousand (2000) inhabitants as certified by the
National Statistics Office except in cities and
municipalities within Metro Manila and other
Metropolitan political subdivisions, or in highly
urbanized cities such territory shall have a
certified population at least 5000 inhabitants.
 CHAPTER 1:
ROLE AND CREATION OF
BARANGAY
Section 386. Requisites of creation
• The territorial jurisdiction of the new barangay
shall be properly identified by metes and
bounds or by more or less permanent natural
boundaries. The territory need no contiguous if
it comprises two (2) or more isalands.
• The governor or city mayor may preapare a
consolidation plan of barangays based on the
criteria prescribed in this section, within his
territorial jurisdiction
 CHAPTER 2:
BARANGAY OFFICIALS
Section 387. Chief Officials
&
OFFICERS
• There shall be in each barangay a punong
barangay, seven (7) Sangguniang Barangay
members, the Sangguniang Kabataan chairman,
a Barangay Secretary , and Barangay Treasure.
• There shall also be in every barangay a Lupong
Tagapamaya. The Sagguniang Barangaymay
form community bridages and create such
other positions or other offices as may be
deemed necesarry to carry out the purpose of
the barangay gopvernment.
 ECONOMIC
STRUCTURES
SOCIETIES RUN ON PRODUCTION
AND CONSUMOPTION. THE
ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF MODERN
COMMUNITIESIS THE MARKET
ECONOMY.
 PERFECT
COMPETITION
PERFECT COMPETITION IS AN
OPEN MARKET THAT HAS AN
INDEFINITE NYMBER OF BUYERS
AND SELLERS.BECAUSE THERE
ARE SO MAY ACTORS IN THIS
NARKET SPHERE, IT WILL BE
HARD FOR ANYONE TO TAKE
HOLD OF THE MARKET, LET
ALONE CONTROL IT BY ALTERING
PRICE OR SUPPLY.
 MONOPOLY

CONTRASTING FROM THE

PERFECT COMPETITION, PURE
MONOPOLY IS A KIND OF
MARKET WHERE ONE
INDIVIDUAL OR COMPANY HAS
THE CAPABILITY TO PRODUCE
MUCH-NEEDED GOOD OR
SERVICE.
 OLIGOPOLY

AN OLIGOPOLY,
FUNDAMENTALLY, IS A MARKET
WHERE ONLY A FEW SRE ABLE TO
PRODUCE A CERTAIN GOODS OR
SERVICES.THIS SETS AN UNFAIR
ADVANTADGE SINCE THE
LIMITED NUMBER OF
PRODUCERS CAN EASILY
MANIPULATE SUPPLY AND
PROCES FOR THEIR OWN
INTEREST.
 MONOPOLISTI
C
COMPETITION
TREADING BETWEEN A MONOPOLY
AND A PERFECT COMPETITION IS A
MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION.IF WE
WERE TO SIMPLIFY THIIS, SEEMINGLY
CONFUSING MARKET TYPE, WE CAN
LOOK AT IT AS A STATE WHEN THERE
ARE ALSO AN INFINITE NUMBERS OF
SELLERS BUT EACH ONE IS PROPERLY
DIFFERENTIATED FROM OTHER
COMPETITORS IN THE SPHERE.
 MONOPSONY

WE CAN ALSO DETERMINE A

MARKET TYPE DEPENDING ON
THE NUMBER OF BUYERS OF A
PARTICULAR MARKET HAS.
FUNDAMENTALLY, WE ARE
LOOKING INTO THE CONDITION
WHERE THERE IS ONLY ONE
BUYER AND WHERE THERE IS AN
INFINITE NUMBER OF
PRODUCERS.
 SOCIOCULTURAL
STRUCTURE
Sociocultural systems are the building bloc
ks of society. They are the structure for where
humans share (social) experiences (culture)
which can then be learned from used to their
advantage in order to better their society.
Examples include social classes, religious
beliefs, wealth distribution, language, business
practices, social values, customer
preferences, social organization, and
attitude towards work
POLITICAL TRENDS
The Philippines has experienced numerous political shifts
that have altered the way we view power, authority, and
the government. From our rich political history, we have
gone through several power struggles which, at present,
have left scars that are as fresh as they were before.
Needless to say, we, as a society, hope that the mistakes
done in the past would not be forgotten and thus be
corrected as we go along and create a better future for
the next generation. Thus, many of our institutions vouch
for a free and liberal society that espouses human rights,
individual freedom, and free-market competition. History,
in the standpoint of sociology, is one of the major
influences of our future actions.
CULTURAL TRENDS
After the Cold War, globalization was in as the
free market started taking over the world.
People and governments opened up for the
international community. This resulted in
political and cultural interactions and exchanges
of goods and knowledge among states. This
paved the way for the appreciation of other
ways of life coming from outside the state
ECONOMIC TRENDS
The Philippine economy is regarded as one of the
most resilient in Asia. With a stable monetary and
fiscal policy, the Philippines has set one of the
best examples of a developing market economy.
Despite the relatively volatile economic
condition, which is often affected by political
instability, the Philippine market was able to
withstand multitudes of challenges, from the
Asian financial crisis during the 1990s to the
market crashes,
ECONOMIC TRENDS
credit crunch, and housing bubbles of its
biggest economic partner, the United States, in
the 2000s. The Philippine economy has
conservatively protected itself despite the
temptation to borrow, overreach, and end up
with a fiscal deficit, avoiding the scenario
where the government does not have funds to
cover its operations or go into austerity
measures to survive.
TECHNOLOGICAL
STRUCTURE
In the current fast-paced society, we need to
advance critical thought and innovation as one
of the most important governance initiatives.
Research has been undervalued in the
Philippines for too long to a point that many of
our latest discoveries and innovations were
overlooked and ended up underdeveloped or
underutilized. This is largely because the
support for our inventors and scientists are
relatively hard to come by.
TECHNOLOGICAL
STRUCTURE
One good example of our government taking the
initiative to enhance local products and services is
the One Town, One Product (OTOP) project launched
by the Department of Trade and Industry in 2004
during the administration of President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo. Each town was projected to have
one product that can be enhanced to provide raw
materials for businesses. This is only a single case,
but in reality, we need more of this pioneering
project to enhance the quality of our products and
jumpstart a more localized approach to market
development.
ENVIRONMENTAL
STRUCTURE
Our communities have been at risk due to the
most recent calamities brought about by
climate change and atrocious urban
management. Various institutions should
spearhead concerted effort to protect the
environment and mitigate the effects of natural
calamities and disasters. We have to remember
that the environment is everybody's concern
and it is the responsibility of each member of
the community.
ENVIRONMENTAL
STRUCTURE
In light of the most recent floods such as typhoon
Ondoy in 2009 and typhoon Yolanda in 2013, there
was much debate as to the cause of these disasters
and there was finger-pointing by the officials. After
what happened, government institutions and
communities were pressured to devise measures
and plans to lower the risk of devastation.
Some international organizations such as the United
Nations, having seen the vulnerability of our country
to calamities, have already taken steps in helping our
country.
THANK YOU!