Manual Handling

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MANUAL HANDLING OF MATERIALS
© 2008 All Rights Reserved

2
Table of Contents
 Introduction
 Risk management on manual handling
 Hazards associated with manual handling
 Common injuries & occupational diseases
 Proper manual handling methodology
 Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
 Job design to prevent injuries
 Case study © 2008 All Rights Reserved

3
Introduction
 Manual handling is a common activity in most

workplaces
 It includes lifting, lowering, pulling, pushing, carrying,

moving, holding or restraining an object
 Injuries and musculoskeletal disorders affect the

back, neck, shoulders, arms & hands
 It can be prevented through a systemic approach of

identification, assessment and control of risks
associated with manual handling
4
Occupational Diseases in Singapore
Source: Ministry of Manpower

5
Risk Management on Manual Handling
 Required to manage risks under WSH (Risk

Management) regulations
 Assess the risk
 Take all reasonably practical steps
 Eliminate any risks

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 Step 1: Identification of hazard
Picture source: http://www.safetyworld.com/images/101.gif

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 Step 2: Assess the risk
 Dependent on severity of risk and likelihood of

hazards occurring
 severity X likelihood = risk level
 Risk Level = Low, Moderate or High

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Severity
Minor Moderate Major
Likelihood
Remote Low Low Medium
Occasional Low Medium High
Frequent Medium High High

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 Step 3: Select Measures to Control and Reduce Risk
 Based on hierarchy of hazards control
 1st – Remove the hazard
 2nd – Guard the remaining hazards
 3rd – Mitigate impact of hazard

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HIERARCHY OF HAZARDS CONTROL

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Hazards Associated with Manual Handling - Heavy
 Lifting over 25kg load can result in back injury
Picture source: http://www.masterlift.ie/images/HealthAndSaftey/HandS.jpg

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Hazards Associated with Manual Handling - Heavy

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Hazards Associated with Manual Handling - Sharp
 Potential Cuts on the fingers
Picture source : http://www.prab.com

Picture source : http://www.offscreen.com/images/remote2.jpg
Picture source: http://www.whimsie.com/sheet%20metal%20rolls.jpg

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Hazards Associated with Manual Handling – Odd shapes
 Absence of grip to hold the load
 Obstruction of walking view
Picture source: http://make-a-box.com

Picture source: http://www.fork-lift-trucks.info
http://www.fork-lift-trucks.info

15
Hazards Associated with Manual Handling – Toxic

substances
 Skin exposure to chemicals

Picture source: http://discountpowerparts.com
Coolant
Lubricants
Picture source: http://www.vacmagic.com/images/fixture%20macchining%20scene.jpg

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Hazards Associated with Manual Handling – Toxic

substances
 Exposure to chemical dust, fumes & vapours
Picture source: http://www.railcamp.com

Picture source: http://www.airborncoatings.com/images/air3.gif

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Common Injuries From Manual Handling
 Neck Strain
Picture source: http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/exercise2/neckspra.jpg

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 Wrist Sprains  Back Sprains
Picture source: http://athleticscholarships.net/back%20pain.jpg
Picture source: http://www.drfoot.co.uk/pictures/wrist.jpg

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 Shoulder pain  Upper back pain
Picture source: http://www.gotosee.co.uk
Picture source: http://medicineworld.org

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 Slips, trips and fall
Picture source: http://www.istockphoto.com

Picture source: http://www.greenbergmassarelli.com/Images/slip_fall.jpg

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 Cuts
Picture source : http://krismarkel.com/eclaircie/photos/uncategorized/ouch.JPG

Picture source: http://www.thealmightyguru.com/Boffer/Images/FA-MinorCut.jpg

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Health Hazards Resulting From Chemical Handling
 Skin dermatitis
Picture source: http://www.osh.govt.nz

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 Skin dermatitis
Picture source: http://www.ascc.gov.au

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 Occupational respiratory & lung diseases
Picture source: http://content.revolutionhealth.com/contentimages/images-image_popup-ww5r370.jpg

Picture source: http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/dirt/museum/simon/68-776-gse15.jpg

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 Occupational eye diseases
Picture source: http://content.revolutionhealth.com/contentimages/images-image_popup-r7_conjunctivitis.jpg

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Proper Manual Handling - Individual
ALWAYS KEEP YOUR BACK STRAIGHT WHILE LIFTING
Step 1: Hold the Step 2: Keep the Step 3: Lift the Step 4: Ensure your
load firmly load close to you load by pushing legs are stable
up your leg before moving off

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 Lifting aids

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 Lifting aids

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 Lifting aids
Source: CP 92 : 2002

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Proper Manual Handling – Team
 Team/buddy lifting
Picture source: www.fork-lift-trucks.info

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Proper Manual Handling – Team
 Team/buddy lifting
Picture source: http://www.atlasstraps.com/example2.gif

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Selection of PPE for Manual Handling
 Are there any sharp or point edges?
 Is it enough to prevent injuries or occupational diseases?
 Does the PPE fit you correctly?
 Does the PPE wear out easily?
 Is it based on chemical properties of the substance?
 Does it minimize contact with chemicals?
 Is it easy to clean and maintain?

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Use of PPE for Manual Handling
 Safety boots
 Protective gloves
 Helmets
 Working apron or overalls
 Goggles or safety glasses
 Face mask or respirators
Picture source: http://www.osha.gov

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 Safety boots
Picture source: http://www.hse.gov.uk

Picture source: http://www.veganline.com/safety-boot-big.jpg

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 Protective gloves

Picture source: http://www.dkimages.com

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 Helmets

Picture source: http://myweb.datahalland.se/w-15080/admin/picture/20050919154156.jpg

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 Working apron or safety overalls

Picture source: http://www.anzic-int.com
Picture source: http://www.dashackoutdoors.com

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 Goggles or safety glasses

Picture source: http://teachertech.rice.edu
Picture source: http://www.wintex.ca/english/Images/PPE026b.gif

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 Face mask or respirator
Picture source: http://www.ammex.com

Picture source: http://www.shingleberrysigns.com
Picture source: http://www.toolrage.com

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Job Designs to Prevent Manual Handling Injuries
 Team handling for heavy or odd shape loads
 Breaks to reduce muscular fatigue
 Handlers job rotation between heavy and light activities
 Rearrange workplace to reduce twisting, stretching &

stooping
Picture source : http://www.ilo.org

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 Keep heavy loads around waist level
 Use of mechanical handling aid
 Package heavy materials into smaller container
Picture source: http://www.osha.gov

Picture source: CP 92 : 2002

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 Provide handles, hand grips or indents for loads
 Loads to be free from dust, oil, corrosive deposits, sharp

corners, jagged edges or rough surfaces
Indents & Handles Picture source : http://www.saylorsfarm.com

Picture source : http://www.powerwheel-usa.com

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 Provide secondary containment for chemicals
Picture source : http://www.smithsofthedean.co.uk

Picture source : http://www.fuelproof.co.uk

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Case Study
The Case of Peter

Peter injured his back while moving some large drums. He has previously
suffered from back problems but felt that it was under control. His doctor had
advised him not to lift anything above 20 kg but he had not passed this
information to his boss.
The injury was serious enough to land Peter in the hospital. Subsequently Peter
was diagnosed with a torn disk. Peter admitted the drums were heavy, but
wanted to have the job done.
What should Peter have done?
Picture source : http://education.qld.gov.au/health/injury/casestudy.html

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Summary of Key Points
Hazards from manual handling
Common injuries and occupational diseases
Proper manual handling methods
Use of PPE
Job designs to prevent manual handling injuries

46
Musculoskeletal injuries and

Occupational diseases
is preventable
Be proactive: it is up to US to
prevent it
47
Thank You

48
References:
1. CP 92: 2002 Code of Practice for Manual Handling
2. Ministry of Manpower – Guidelines for Manual Handling
3. SS 437 : 1999 Part 2 : Specification for personal eye-protectors

part 2 : selection, use and maintenance
4. SS 513 : 2005 Part 1 : Personal protective equipment – footwear.

Part 1: Safety footwear
5. CP 74 : 1998 Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory

protection devices

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Appendix 1

50
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51
Appendix 1

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1

MANUAL HANDLING OF MATERIALS

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

 Risk management on manual handling

 Hazards associated with manual handling

 Common injuries & occupational diseases

 Proper manual handling methodology

 Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

 Job design to prevent injuries

 Case study © 2008 All Rights Reserved

 Manual handling is a common activity in most

 It includes lifting, lowering, pulling, pushing, carrying,

 Injuries and musculoskeletal disorders affect the

 It can be prevented through a systemic approach of

Occupational Diseases in Singapore

Source: Ministry of Manpower

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Risk Management on Manual Handling

 Required to manage risks under WSH (Risk

 Assess the risk

 Take all reasonably practical steps

 Eliminate any risks

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Risk Management on Manual Handling

 Step 1: Identification of hazard

Picture source: http://www.safetyworld.com/images/101.gif

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Risk Management on Manual Handling

 Step 2: Assess the risk

 Dependent on severity of risk and likelihood of

 severity X likelihood = risk level

 Risk Level = Low, Moderate or High

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Risk Management on Manual Handling

Occasional Low Medium High

Frequent Medium High High

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Risk Management on Manual Handling

 Step 3: Select Measures to Control and Reduce Risk

 Based on hierarchy of hazards control

 1st – Remove the hazard

 2nd – Guard the remaining hazards

 3rd – Mitigate impact of hazard

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Risk Management on Manual Handling

HIERARCHY OF HAZARDS CONTROL

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Hazards Associated with Manual Handling - Heavy

 Lifting over 25kg load can result in back injury

Picture source: http://www.masterlift.ie/images/HealthAndSaftey/HandS.jpg

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Hazards Associated with Manual Handling - Heavy

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Hazards Associated with Manual Handling - Sharp

 Potential Cuts on the fingers

Picture source : http://www.prab.com

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Hazards Associated with Manual Handling – Odd shapes

 Absence of grip to hold the load

 Obstruction of walking view

Picture source: http://make-a-box.com

© 2008 All Rights Reserved

Hazards Associated with Manual Handling – Toxic

 Skin exposure to chemicals