Conjunctions

English Gram
mar I
Unit 14: Conjunctions
 A conjunction is a word that joins two parts

of a sentence. There are three types of co
njunctions: coordinating conjunctions, corr
elative conjunctions, and subordinating co
njunctions.
 14.1 Coordinating conjunctions:

 Coordinating conjunctions join similar elem
ents. They join similar elements such as s
ubject with subject; sentence with sentenc
e. There are six coordinating conjunctions:
and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor.
 And: and is used to join two similar ideas t

ogether.
 The food is cheap and delicious.
 John and his girlfriend are going snorkelin
g next week.
 She lives in Kaohsiung and she studies at
Cheng Shiu University.
 But : but is used to join two opposite ideas

together.
 The food is delicious but expensive.
 Sue likes Japanese food but her husband
doesn’t.
 Or :or is used to join two alterative ideas t

ogether.
 Would you like some coffee or iced tea?
 I can cook or we can order pizza.
 So: so is used to show the second idea is

the result of the first one.
 She was sick so she did not go to work.
 It is raining so the game is cancelled.
 Nor: nor is used to join two negative ideas

together.
 Neither You nor she has to go.
 He is neither smart nor diligent.
 For: for is used the same as because.

Jim has a good chance to get into that co
mpany, for his father is the manager there.
 Fanny was on clouds nine, for she won the
spelling bee contest
 Yet: yet is used as but.

 My son plays volleyball well yet his favorite
sport is basketball.
 You room is small yet cozy.
 14.1-1 Exercise: Use a coordinating co

njunction to complete each sentence
1. You can find toothpaste on aisle two ___
_______ aisle three.
2. Bob is short _________ his brother is tall.
3. Sue is learning English ___________ she
will be able to get a better job.
4. Mesa was exhausted _______ she went

to bed early.
5. Allen is thin; _________ he eats a lot.
6. The steak is delicious ______ expensive.
7. My roommate went to the party alone, __
____ I refused to go with her.
8. Sally was cold ______ she put on a swe
ater.
 14-2 Correlative conjunctions

 Correlative conjunctions always appear in
pairs and are used to connect equivalent
words, phrases, and clauses. They are list
ed as follows: “both…and”, “either… or”, “n
either….nor”, “not only…but also”, “whethe
r…or”
 both…and
 Both you and she were born in September.
 She can speak French and Spanish.
 either…or
 She is coming either today or tomorrow.
 Either your mother or father has to come t
o school tomorrow.
 neither… nor
 I have neither time nor money for vacation.
 My father neither drinks nor smokes.
 not only… but also
 The bank robber not only killed two bank t
ellers but also took the money.
 Ellen not only ate fried chicken but also a
cheese burger for lunch.
 Whether… or:
 Sue can’t decide whether to go to law sch
ool or medical school.
 I don’t know whether I should stay or leave.
 14.3 Subordinating Conjunctions:

 Subordinating conjunctions connect a sub
ordinate clause to a main clause.
 Table 14.1: Subordinating Conjunctions
after as though if so that till
in
although because order that than
that
as before now though when
that
as if even if once until where
as
as long even since unless where
as though
 after:
 I will tell you the truth after he leaves.
 although:
 Although it was raining, the game was still
held on time.
 though:
 It was a well paid job, he quitted it though.
＊ though can be used at the end of a sente

nce, however, “although” is often used at t
he beginning of a sentence.
 as: The word “as” has several different me

anings.
1) You should do as what I told you.
2) As she left the room she turned off the lig
ht.
3) As the sun rises, the fog will disappear.
 as…if (as though): A conditional sentenc

e should be used after “as if”
 She spoke to me as if she had known me.
 She behaved as if nothing had happened.
 as long as:
 As long as you promise you will love me fo
r the rest of your life, I will marry you.
 I will be here as long as you need me.
 because:
 Lily did not buy any Christmas gift for her
mother because she had no money.
 Vanessa was late for work because her ca
r broke down again.
 before:
 Look over your paper again before you ha
nd it in.
 Think before you leap.
 Even if:
 Even if you take the taxi, you will still miss
your train.
 Even if you don’t like wine, you should try
some.
 even though:
 Even though Karen has a master’s degree
in business, she is unable to find a job.
 Even though it is hard work, I enjoy it.
 if:
 He is willing to come if he is invited.
 Your father will be happy if he knows what
you have achieved.
 in order that:
 The teacher explained the problem again i
n order that every student could understan
d it.
 They talk in a low voice in order that they
won’t be heard.
 now that:
 You should take a long vacation now that
you have finished the work.
 Now that you do not like dancing, you do n
ot have to go to the party.
 once:
 Once you start to smoke, you will find it diffi
cult to quit.
 Physics is easy once you know its rule.
 since: The word “since” has different meani
ngs.
 We haven’t heard from him since he moved
to France.
 Since she has an appointment with the dent
ist, Holly won’t go with us.
 so that:
 She left the party early so that she could
catch the last train.
 Erik saves every penny he makes so that
he can buy a house in the future.
 until:
 The farmer did not go home until the sun
went down.
 Mrs. Gray did not go to bed until her husba
nd was found.
 unless:
 You won’t stop coughing unless you take s
ome medicine.
 I won’t forgive you unless you apologize.
 when:
 He was driving more than 70MPH when a
policeman stopped him.
 I was taking a shower when you called.
 while:
 We visited Louver while we were in Londo
n
 We should work hard while we are young.
 Whereas:
 Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.
 The old rules were complex whereas the n

ew ones are simple.
 14.3 Exercises: Use an appropriate sub

ordinating conjunction to complete ea
ch sentence.
1. Mr. Wang will be in charge of the compan
y _______ the president comes back.
2. Your first question was easy _________ t
he second one was quite difficult.
3. She didn’t do well in the final ________ s
he did not study.
4. ____________ you can’t answer my ques
tion, I will ask someone else.
5. __________ you start to read the novel, y
ou will like it.
6. __________ I did my best, I lost the game.
7. Mrs. Lee will stay with you ________ your

parents pick you up.
8. Students will be happy ______ the test is
over.
9. ________ you have decided to do it, you
have to do it well.
10. She won’t leave the TV _________ the di
nner is on the table.
11. I will go by plane _________ I can save s
ome time.
12. Martin majored in biology ____________
at school.

Conjunctions

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Conjunctions

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

English Gram

 A conjunction is a word that joins two parts

 14.1 Coordinating conjunctions:

 And: and is used to join two similar ideas t

 But : but is used to join two opposite ideas

 Or :or is used to join two alterative ideas t

 So: so is used to show the second idea is

 Nor: nor is used to join two negative ideas

 For: for is used the same as because.

 Yet: yet is used as but.

 14.1-1 Exercise: Use a coordinating co

4. Mesa was exhausted _______ she went

 14-2 Correlative conjunctions

 14.3 Subordinating Conjunctions:

＊ though can be used at the end of a sente

 as: The word “as” has several different me

 as…if (as though): A conditional sentenc

 The old rules were complex whereas the n

 14.3 Exercises: Use an appropriate sub

7. Mrs. Lee will stay with you ________ your

You might also like