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 LESSON 4
GERUNDS
&
INFINITIVES
 I.
THE GERUND
Verb in the present form + “ing”
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The gerund is used:
1. After prepositions and adverbs
e.g.: I’m good at running.
2. After certain verbs
e.g.: She enjoys visiting the countryside.
3. As subject or object of a sentence
e.g.: Living in a big city is exciting.
4. After some expressions and verbs followed by
“to”
e.g.: I'm looking forward to meeting you.
 II.
THE INFINITIVE
'to' + the present form of the verb
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The infinitive is used:
1. After certain verbs
e.g.: I didn't mean to do that.
2. After some verbs followed by an object
(sb/sth)
e.g.: I want you to go home.
3. After certain adjectives
e.g.: It's difficult to explain.
4. After certain nouns
e.g.: It's time to go.
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The infinitive is used:
5. To express purpose
e.g.: I came here to learn English.
6. After question words (how, where, etc.) and
compounds of 'some' and 'any'
e.g.: I don't know what to do.
I'd like something to read.
7. With 'too' and 'enough’
e.g.: I was too tired to eat.
It's cold enough to snow.
 III.
INFINITIVE
WITHOUT “TO”
the present form of the verb
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The infinitive without “to” is used:

1. After modal and auxiliary verbs

e.g.: You mustn't do that again.
2. After 'make' and 'let' in the active voice
e.g.: She made me do it again.
He let me go home early.
 IV.
GERUNDS &
INFINITIVE SPECIAL
CASES
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1. Like, love, hate, prefer

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2. Begin, continue & start

Can be followed by both gerund and infinitive
except in the present continuous form
e.g.: It started raining / to rain.
Look! It's starting to rain!
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3. STOP

STOP + INF: Stop one

STOP + GERUND: action and start
finish one action another
e.g.: She stops e.g.: She’s typing but
talking to me. then stops to talk to
me.
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4. TRY

TRY + INF: cố gắng

TRY + GERUND: làm gì
thử làm gì e.g.: I tried to ride a
e.g.: This shirt bike but it was too
seemed small but he difficult.
tried putting it on.
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5. REMEMBER/ FORGET

- Remember / forget + Gerund: nhớ/ quên việc

đã xảy ra
e.g.: I remember having to wake up very early
when I was at school.
I'll never forget arriving at work for the first
time.
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5. REMEMBER/ FORGET

- Remember / forget + Inf: nhớ/ quên phải làm gì

(chưa xảy ra)
e.g.: Please remember to buy some sugar.
Don't forget to turn off the light.
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5. NEED

NEED + GERUND:
NEED+ INF: cần cần được làm gì
làm gì e.g.: The flowers need
e.g.: I need to water watering.
the flowers.
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6. HELP (SB)

- Can be followed by INF or INF without 'to'

e.g.: He helped me (to) tidy up the room.
- There is no direct object (sb) -> use INF without
'to’
e.g.: He helped tidy up the room.
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6. HELP (SB)

- Can't/couldn't help = can't stop oneself (không

thể ngăn bản thân làm gì)
-> followed by the gerund.
e.g.: I can't help buying chocolate when I'm at
the supermarket.
 7. Verbs of perception 20

(see, hear, notice, smell,…)

- Use GERUND: hành động đang diễn ra (tại 1 khoảnh
khắc)
e.g.: I heard him playing the piano.
- Use INF without ‘to’: cả quá trình (từ đầu tới cuối)
e.g.: I saw her fall off the bike.
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8. USED TO

- USED TO + INF: thói quen trong QK, từng làm gì

e.g.: I used to walk to school.
- BE/ GET USED TO + GERUND: quen với điều gì
e.g.: I am used to walking to school.
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“
PRACTICE!
https://quizizz.com/admin/qui
z/6180ff7b2326df001d2a2dd6
/gerunds-and-infinitives
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WRITING
Describe Vietnamese wedding and wedding
customs
- The preparation for the weddings
- Wedding ceremonies
- Dresses/ receptions
- The good and bad points about VN wedding