.

UNIVERSITY OF
ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY LAHORE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT: HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORKPLACES
SUBMITTED TO: RESPECTED SIR DR.NAVEED RAMZAN
SUBMITTED BY: SHAHZAIB
REGISTRATION NO: 2021-CH-50
TOPIC:
SAFETY MONITORING AND EVALUATION

MONITORING AND EVALUATION:

• MONITORING AND EVALUATION (OFTEN CALLED M&E ) IS A COMBINATION OF
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS (MONITORING) AND ASSESSING TO WHAT
EXTENT A PROGRAM OR INTERVENTION HAS, OR HAS NOT, MET ITS
OBJECTIVES (EVALUATION).
WHAT IS SAFETY MONITORING?
• SAFETY MONITORING IS A SPECIAL CASE
OF ERROR DETECTION AND RECOVERY IN
WHICH THE MALFUNCTION INVOLVES A
SAFETY HAZARD. DECISIONS ARE
REQUIRED WHEN THE AUTOMATED
SYSTEM SENSORS DETECT THAT A SAFETY
CONDITION HAS DEVELOPED THAT WOULD
BE HAZARDOUS TO THE EQUIPMENT OR
HUMANS.
WHAT IS SAFETY EVALUATION?
• SAFETY EVALUATION
MEANS EVALUATION OF A
CHILD'S SITUATION BY THE
DEPARTMENT USING A
STRUCTURED, EVIDENCE-
BASED TOOL TO DETERMINE IF
THE CHILD IS SUBJECT TO A
SAFETY THREAT
•AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF HEALTH AND
SAFETY IS MONITORING AND REVIEW, ALLOWING
US TO ACCURATELY ASSESS EXISTING CONTROLS
ALONGSIDE RISKS TO DEVELOP AN EFFECTIVE
PLAN OF ACTION. WITH THIS IS MIND, THE
PURPOSE OF THIS BLOG IS TO PROVIDE A
CONCISE RUNDOWN ON HOW HEALTH AND SAFETY
IS MONITORED AND REVIEWED.
•HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
WORK ON A PDCA SYSTEM
(PLAN, DO, CHECK, ACT).
EVALUATING AND CORRECTING AN OHSMS
EVALUATING AND CORRECTING AN OHSMS

WE’LL BREAK THIS ARTICLE DOWN INTO 5 PARTS:

MONITORING, MEASURING, AND ASSESSING AN OHSMS

PERFORMING INCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS

AUDITING THE OHSMS

PERFORMING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS

• UPDATING OHSMS PLANNING PROCESS AND MANAGEMENT REVIEW
• TO HELP WITH TERMINOLOGY, THE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS ARE DRAWN DIRECTLY FROM APPENDIX F OF THE
.

ANSI Z10 STANDARD:

• HAZARD: A CONDITION, SET OF CIRCUMSTANCES, OR INHERENT PROPERTY THAT CAN CAUSE INJURY, ILLNESS,
OR DEATH.
• EXPOSURE: CONTACT WITH OR PROXIMITY TO A HAZARD, WITH DURATION AND INTENSITY OF EXPOSURE
CONSIDERED.
• RISK: AN ESTIMATE OF THE COMBINATION OF THE LIKELIHOOD OF AN OCCURRENCE OF A HAZARDOUS EVENT
OR EXPOSURE(S) AND THE SEVERITY OF INJURY OR ILLNESS THAT MAY BE CAUSED BY THE EVENT OR
EXPOSURES.
• PROBABILITY: THE LIKELIHOOD OF A HAZARD CAUSING AN INCIDENT OR EXPOSURE THAT COULD RESULT IN
HARM OR DAMAGE—FOR A SELECTED UNIT OF TIME, EVENTS, POPULATION, ITEMS OR ACTIVITY BEING
CONSIDERED.
• SEVERITY: THE EXTENT OF HARM OR DAMAGE THAT COULD RESULT FROM A HAZARD-RELATED INCIDENT OR
EXPOSURES.
• RISK ASSESSMENT: PROCESS(ES) USED TO EVALUATE THE LEVEL OF RISK ASSOCIATED WITH HAZARDS AND
SYSTEM ISSUES.
 MONITORING, MEASURING, AND ASSESSING AN OHSMS

• YOU SHOULD MONITOR AND MEASURE HAZARDS, RISKS, AND

CONTROLS AT THE WORKPLACE.
• THERE ARE TWO PRIMARY PURPOSES OF MONITORING AND
MEASURING. THE FIRST IS TO SEE IF THE OHSMS IS WORKING AS
INTENDED. THE SECOND IS TO MAKE SURE ANY SAFETY AND HEALTH
PROBLEMS ARE IDENTIFIED AND THEN FED BACK INTO THE OHSMS
PLANNING PROCESS WITH THE GOAL OF ELIMINATING AND/OR
CONTROLLING THEM.
 .

MONITORING AND MEASURING MAY INCLUDE SOME OR ALL THE FOLLOWING, PLUS POSSIBLY
OTHERS:
• WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS
• WORKPLACE TESTING
• EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS

• INJURY, ILLNESS, AND INCIDENT TRACKING

• SAFETY SUGGESTIONS FROM EMPLOYEES

• OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ASSESSMENTS

ALWAYS PERFORM THESE MONITORING AND MEASURING TASKS IN A MANNER THAT MATCHES OR
EXCEEDS RECOGNIZED INDUSTRY STANDARDS OR BEST PRACTICES, AND ALWAYS COMMUNICATE
FINDINGS TO RELEVANT PARTIES.
 2. PERFORMING INCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS

• ESTABLISH A PROCESS SO THAT ALL INCIDENTS, INCLUDING

MAJOR/SEVERE INCIDENTS, MINOR INCIDENTS, AND NEAR-MISSES
WILL BE REPORTED. THEN, BE SURE TO INVESTIGATE ALL
INCIDENTS TO DETERMINE A ROOT CAUSE AND CONTROL
HAZARDS OR CORRECT SYSTEM PROBLEMS THAT ALLOWED THE
INCIDENT TO OCCUR--SO IT WON’T HAPPEN AGAIN.
 .

BEGIN THE INCIDENT INVESTIGATION AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER THE

INCIDENT OCCURS. THE INCIDENT INVESTIGATION PROCESS SHOULD:

• DEFINE WHAT IS BEING INVESTIGATED.

• ESTABLISH TIMEFRAMES FOR THE INCIDENT INVESTIGATION.
• DEFINE WHO SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN THE INVESTIGATION.
• EXPLAIN HOW RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE
INVESTIGATION WILL BE CREATED, DISTRIBUTED, AND
COMMUNICATED TO PREVENT SIMILAR INCIDENTS FROM
OCCURRING AGAIN.
 3. AUDITING THE OHSMS:
YOU'LL ALSO NEED T TO AUDIT THE OHSMS PERIODICALLY TO MAKE SURE EACH PART
OF THE SYSTEM IS WORKING AS INTENDED.
YOU'LL BE AUDITING THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (OHSMS). THIS IS NOT A COMPLIANCE AUDIT. THE PURPOSE OF THE AUDIT IS
TO MAKE SURE THE OHSMS IS IN CONFORMANCE WITH THE Z10 STANDARD, AN
OTHER OHSMS STANDARD.
AUDITORS SHOULD BE:
• COMPETENT PERSONS (THE LEVEL OF COMPETENCE SHOULD BE APPROPRIATE FOR
THE SCOPE AND COMPLEXITY OF THE AUDIT).
 .

• NOT THE PERSON WHO’S RESPONSIBLE FOR PERFORMING THE PART OF THE OHSMS
THAT’S BEING AUDITED (IT’S NOT NECESSARY THAT THEY BE EXTERNAL TO THE
ORGANIZATION, HOWEVER).
 IT’S IMPORTANT TO ENCOURAGE EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN THE AUDIT PROCESS
AS WELL.
THE AUDIT SHOULD BE DOCUMENTED AND AUDIT RESULTS SHOULD BE
COMMUNICATED TO:
• THE PEOPLE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY CORRECTIONS AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
NECESSARY
• SUPERVISORS OF WORK AREAS
• OTHERS, INCLUDING EMPLOYEES, EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIVES, AND CONTRACTORS.
 4. PERFORMING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
• THE OHSMS SHOULD IDENTIFY ANY UNCONTROLLED HAZARDS AND SYSTEM
DEFICIENCIES IN ORDER TO CONTROL AND/OR CORRECT THEM AND REDUCE RISK
TO AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL. THE MOST SEVERE HAZARDS SHOULD BE CORRECTED
FIRST AND IN AN EXPEDITED MANNER. OTHERS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED AFTER.
THE GOAL IS NOT NECESSARILY TO REMOVE ALL HAZARDS AND/OR RISKS, BUT TO
REDUCE RISK TO AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL.
• FOR MORE ABOUT THESE CONCEPTS OF RISK, SAFETY, HAZARDS, AND ACCEPTABLE
LEVELS OF RISK, READ OUR EXTENSIVE ARTICLE ON 
RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY. YOU CAN ALSO CHECK APPENDIX F OF THE ANSI
Z10 OHSMS STANDARD.
 .

TO HELP WITH PERFORMING HAZARD ANALYSES AND RISK ASSESSMENTS, THE ANSI Z10 STANDARD
INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING LIST OF METHODS TO CONSIDER USING IN ITS APPENDIX F:

• BRAINSTORMING—A FREE-FLOWING CONVERSATION THAT INCLUDES EMPLOYEES THAT COMMONLY

PERFORM THE TASK BEING ANALYZED; HELPS TO IDENTIFY HAZARDS, RISKS, AND APPROPRIATE
CCONTROLSONTROLS,

• CHECKLISTS—A CHECKLIST CREATED BY A SUPERVISOR TO CREATE A SAFETY PLAN AND PERIODICALLY

ASSESS THE WORK SITE WHILE WORK IS BEING PERFORMED . 

• CONSEQUENCE/PROBABILITY MATRIX—THIS INVOLVES DOING A TASK SAFETY ANALYSIS AND THEN

CREATING A TABLE, WITH EACH HAZARD LISTED IN A ROW AND THE COLUMNS USED TO IDENTIFY THE
LIKELIHOOD OF INJURY, THE POSSIBLE SEVERITY OF THE INJURY, AND THE RESULTING RISK.

• RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX—THE “CLASSIC” RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE USED FOR ASSESSING
RISK; INVOLVES CREATING A TABLE WITH LIKELIHOOD OR OCCURRENCE FREQUENCY MAKING UP
THE ROWS, SEVERITY AND/OR CONSEQUENCE MAKING THE COLUMNS, AND RISK LEVEL MAKING
THE “BOXES” AT THE INTERSECTIONS OF LIKELIHOOD/FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY/CONSEQUENCES.
 5. UPDATING OHSMS PLANNING PROCESS AND
MANAGEMENT REVIEW
• THE ORGANIZATION MUST ESTABLISH PROCESSES TO MAKE SURE THE
RESULTS OF THE MONITORING, MEASURING, INCIDENT
INVESTIGATIONS, OHSMS AUDITS, CORRECTIVE ACTIONS, AND
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS ARE ALL INCLUDED IN THE CONTINUING OHSMS
PLANNING PROCESS (AS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 4.2 OF THE STANDARD
AND IN OUR PLANNING AN OHSMS ARTICLE) AND IN THE OHSMS
MANAGEMENT REVIEW PROCESS (AS EXPLAINED IN SECTION 7 OF THE
STANDARD AND IN OUR UPCOMING MANAGEMENT REVIEW ARTICLE).
 REVIEW: 5 STEPS OF MONITORING, EVALUATING,
AND CORRECTING AN OHSMS

 YOU CAN USE THE TIPS, METHODS, AND TECHNIQUES LISTED AND
EXPLAINED ABOVE TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUR
OHSMS AND, IF NECESSARY, TO CORRECT IT AS PART OF YOUR
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT EFFORTS.
 REMEMBER THAT THIS IS JUST ONE ARTICLES IN A LARGER SERIES OF
ARTICLES ABOUT OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (OHSMS).
,