and Societal Issues

in Media and
Information
- CHU CHI ANTALAN - CHRISTINA CABINIAN
-LISETTE PACARIEM - REMEDIOS GALUZO
-JEREMY PAGATPATAN -KYLE ANDREI PAGDILAO
-JASHLYN KAYE PASCUA
 Defamation
The Cornell University Law School defines
defamation, as Defamation is a statement that
injures a third party’s reputation. The civil wrong
of defamation includes both libel ( written
statements ) and slander ( spoken statements).
 To win a defamation case, a plaintiff must
show four things;

 1. A declaration that a false statement is a fact;

 2. Publication or communication of that statement to a third Person;
 3. Fault;
 4. Damages to the subject ( person, institution, etc.) of the statementz
 Privacy
Privacy in this context is defined as the freedom
from unauthorized intrusion. This age of
information has made it difficult for this right to
be asserted.
 Obscenity and Pornography

Obscenity and pornography although related, are not the

same. Pornography is the term used to refer to any
material that uses the elements of nudity to cause sexual
arousal among the audience. A pornographic material is
considered obscene and when it crosses a line to a point
that may be offensive.
 Copyright

 Copyright in its literal sense means the right to copy . The owner of a
copyright has the exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, perform,
display, license, and to prepare derivative works based on the
copyrighted work. This protection is for “original works of
authorship”.
 A person or entities violating copyright commits plagiarism.
 Fairuse of a copyrighted work for purposes such as criticism,
comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research is not
copyright infringement.
 Basic ethical orientation

Basic ethical orientation refers to the ethical perception

of an individual. It is the reasoning behind his or her
moral judgements and ethical practices.
 Divine Command Theories

Being good is equivalent to doing whatever the Bible-

or the Qur’an or some other sacred text or source of
revelation tells one to do.

 “What is right “ equal What God tells me to do.”

 The Ethics of Conscience
 Conscience dictates what is right or wrong

 Often has a religious source

 Maybe founded on a notion of human nature

 Is often negative in character, telling people what is not

right
 Ethical Egoism

Says the only person to look out for is oneself

 The Ethics of Duty

Begins with the conviction that ethics is about doing

what is right, about doing one’s duty.

Duty maybe determined by reason, professional role,

and social role.
 The Ethics of Respect

Human interactions should be governed by rules

of respect.

What counts as respect can vary from one culture

to another.
 Utilitarianism

Seeks to reduce suffering and increase pleasure or

happiness
Demands a high degree of self-sacrifice-considers the
consequences for everyone
Utilitarian claim the purpose of morality is to make the
world a better place.
 The Ethics of Justice

“What is fair for one should be fair for all”.

Treating people equally may not mean treating

them the same
 Virtue Ethics

 Seeks to develop individual character

 Assumes good persons will make good decisions

 Developed by Plato and Aristotle

 The Spiritual Exercises

 Netiquette

Netiquette or network etiquette is a set of rules for

behaving
properly online. ( She, 1997) Rules, that may not be
strictly enforced
or even regularly followed is important to keep
everyone online in check.


VIRGINA SHEA
Rule 1:
Remember the Human
Through technology, it is no longer necessary to be
physically present to initiate interaction. Even with
emoticons and emoji's, electronic devices still can’t quite
convey messages the way face-to-face conversation does.
Rule 2:
Adhere to the same standards of behavior online
that one follows in real life

“ when the cat goes away, the mouse comes out to play,” is
perhaps the simplest anecdote explaining human nature’s
approach in obeying the rules.
Rule 3:
Know when you are in cyberspace

The cyberspace maybe as vast as the actual outer space.

With the amount of information and the wide array of
users online, divisions are bound to come up depending on
domains.
Rule 4:
Respect other people’s time and bandwidth

Itis important to ensure that one is not wasting it by delivering

nonsense or unsolicited information.
Bandwidth is the information carrying capacity if the wires
and channels that connect everyone in cyberspace.
Rule 5:
Make oneself look and good online

Making oneself look good online means appearing

as a decent, smart, and well-rounded individual,
through what one writes.
Rule 6:
Share expert knowledge

Experts contributing valuable information, and making

them available to many, is indeed a positive effect of the
media and information age.
Rule 7:
Help keeps flame wars under control

“Flaming” is what people do when they express a

strongly held opinion without holding back any
emotion.
Rule 8:
Respect other people’s privacy

 People’s dependence on social media has put everyone’s lives

under a microscope. Even so, privacy still remains a right that
needs to be asserted.
Rule 9:
Don’t abuse one’s own power

The cyberspace requires experts to be further

developed and constantly maintained.
 Rule 10:
Be forgiving of other people’s mistakes

There have been no truer words spoken than the

words “ No one is perfect.” “It is true that people
make mistake, even online. So be forgiving of other
people’s mistakes.
The Digital Divide , Addiction, and Bullying
 Digital Divide

Benjamin Company defines Digital divide as the disparities in

access to telephones, personal computers , and the internet
across certain demographic groups.
 Addiction

Addictionis defined as an overdependence or something or a

damaging need to do something.
 Bullying

Bullying has always been a serious issue, particularly

among the youth. Cyberbullying, or bullying through
electronic means, is one of the many problems brought
about by advancements in technology.