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Faults
AN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
AN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
EARTHQU
AKE and
FAULTS
The Ring of Fire refers to the region around the
Pacific Ocean that are commonly hit by earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions.
Curriculum Content
In Grade 7
CONTENT
1. The Philippine Environment
1.1 Location of the Philippines using a
coordinate system
1.2 Location of the Philippines with
respect to landmasses and bodies
of water
Where is the
1.3 Protection and conservation
Philippines?
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
• the relation of geographical location of the Philippines to
its environment.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Use models or illustrations
and explain on how
movements along
faults generate
earthquakes.
Curriculum Content
In Grade 8
CONTENT
1. Earthquakes and Faults
1.1 Active and inactive faults
1.2 How movements along
faults generate earthquakes
1.3 How earthquakes generate tsunamis
1.4 Earthquake focus and epicenter
1.5 Earthquake intensity and magnitude
1.6 Earthquake preparedness
1.7 How earthquake waves provide information about the
interior of the Earth
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Curriculum Content
In Grade 8
CONTENT STANDARD:
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
• the relationship between
faults and earthquakes
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
The learners shall be able to:
1. participate in decision making on where to build
structures based on knowledge of the location of
active faults in the community; and
2. make an emergency plan and prepare an
emergency kit for use at home and in school
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
OBJECTIVES
Students should be able to develop an understanding of the
relationship between faults and earthquakes.
Specifically,
1. Give the difference between:
a. epicenter of an earthquake from its focus;
b. intensity of an earthquake from its magnitude;
and
c. active and inactive faults;
2. Explain how earthquake waves provide information
about the interior of the Earth.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
• Why do earthquakes occur?
• What is the relationship
between earthquakes and
faults?
EARTHQUAKE
Earthquake is the
sudden shaking of
the Earth that
occurs when
energy is released
when the
lithosphere or
tectonic plates
move.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
WHAT is a FAULT?
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
ACTIVE and INACTIVE FAULTS
PICTURE 1:
Broken windshield
PICTURE 2:
Diagram of the Main
Features of an
Earthquake
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
FOCUS AND EPICENTER
The focus is the point within The epicenter is a
the earth where seismic location on the
waves originate. earth's surface
It is the part of the fault that directly above the
has the greatest movement. focus.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
How STRONG is the EARTHQUAKE?
INTENSITY MAGNITUDE
is measured in terms is a quantitative measure of
of damage caused by its strength in terms of the
it at a particular energy released.
location.
Roman numerals Hindu-Arabic numerals
Philippine Earthquake Richter scale
Intensity Scale
(PHIVOLCS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
People panic
People find it difficult to stand even outdoors
Many well-built buildings are considerably damaged
Concrete dikes and foundation of bridges are destroyed by ground
settling or toppling
Railway tracks are bent or broken
Tombstones may be displaced, twisted or overturned
Utility posts, towers, and monuments may tilt or topple
Water and sewer pipes may be bent, twisted or broken
Liquefaction and lateral spreading cause man-made structures to sink,
tilt or topple
Numerous landslides and rockfalls occur in mountainous and hilly areas
Boulders are thrown out from their positions particularly near the
epicenter
Fissures and faults rupture
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
1. Philippine Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) gives the
qualitative description of how strong the earthquake is.
2. The MAGNITUDE is a quantitative measure of its strength
in terms of the energy released.
The INTENSITY of an earthquake is measured in terms of
damage caused by it at a particular location
3. Magnitude of an earthquake is a measure of its size,
while intensity is an indicator of the severity of the
damage at a certain area or location caused by it.
4. Intensity decreases with epicenter. (the farther the
epicenter from the area, the less intense and less strong
the earthquake is)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
MERCALLI vs RICHTER
Mercalli Scale Richter Scale
Measures The effects caused by The energy released by the
earthquake earthquake
Measuring Tool Observation Seismograph
Quantified from observation Base-10 logarithmic scale
Calculation of effect on earth’s surface, obtained by calculating
human, objects and man- logarithm of the amplitude of
made structures waves.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION