Variable voltage

variable frequency drive with

fault protection
Presented by:
OWAIS MOHSIN - 160315734012
AMEER - E – MAVIA - 160315734038
MOHD MASIULLAH - 160315734045
Guided by :
SMM MUDASSIR SIR
Contents :
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Block Diagram
Circuit Diagram
Variable voltage variable frequency drive
VVVF with fault protection
Induction motor
Applications of VVVFD
Advantages of VVVFD
Conclusion
Introduction:
The power quality has become an issue due to increase of
non linear loads.
Low frequency harmonic current produced by these loads can
cause damage to the power system.
Harmonics are undesirable as this interference can lead to
unacceptable levels of voltage distortion.
These paper involves analysis , control and modeling of
induction motors and also reduction of harmonics on an
adjustable speed by the use of VVVFD.
Variable voltage and variable frequency drives are becoming a
significant load component of power distribution.
Block Diagram:
Circuit Diagram:
Variable voltage & variable
frequency drive:
The induction motor is the most widely used motor in industry
because of its good self-starting capability, low cost, simple
and rugged structure, reliability, etc.
 Induction motors are used in adjustable speed applications
where fast dynamic response is not required.
It consists of the following parts. such as
Rectifier
DC link
inverter
Rectifier:
The rectifier is a six pulse full-wave diode bridge rectifier (p=6).
It converts the power supply of ac voltage into dc voltage with
a certain ripple.
Rectified dc voltage has mean voltage slightly less than peak
line voltage due to voltage drops in the power switches and
ripple frequency of 300 Hz.
DC voltage is equals to AC input voltage
*1.414(root 2)
230*1.414 = 325
460*1.414 = 650
600*1.414 = 850
DC link:
The DC link is commonly called DC bus.
Rectified dc voltage is smoothed by the dc link in order to
produce a dc voltage with lower ripple.
It also acts as energy reserve to supply the inverter when the
supply fails.
Dc link is represented with an inductance L and a shunt
capacitance C.
It is the filter that makes
the VVVFD harmonic current
waveforms different from
those of the DC drives.
Inverter:
The inverter is controlled by the PWM scheme. In a sampling
interval T= 1/ f C, the pulse width angle can be changed only
once. Therefore the PWM inverter is working in discrete state.
The purpose of the inverter is to convert the low ripple dc
voltage to adjustable ac voltage to allow
the speed control of an induction motor.
The PWM inverter cannot be considered
only as a proportional element.
 Since its output voltage is out of control,
once the pulse width is applied
it should be looked as a sample
and linear-varying element.
Harmonic distortion:
If we connect the induction motor directly to the grid, there
might be some electromagnetic interference or some
harmonics which are introduced in the current and voltage
waveforms.
 Harmonic distortion is“noise” created by the operation of
electronic devices with “internal AC to DC power supplies”.
It causes the system to resonate at different frequencies of the
60 hertz fundamental.
 2nd is 2 X 60 = 120
 3rd is 3 X 60 = 180
 4th is 4 X 60 = 240
 Odd harmonics are usually
the problematic frequencies.
Pulse width modulation:
Pwm is a technique that is used to reduce the overall
harmonic distortion in a load current.
The power loss in the
switching device is very
low.
Its reduces number of
Switching devices.
The harmonic can be
Reduced by having many
Pulses in each half cycle
Of output.
Induction motor:

three operation modes of Induction Machine are easily

identified. (with Us - ideal no-load speed, U - rotor speed):
 Motoring: lUI < I Us I; U and Us either positive or negative.
Generating: IUI > IUs I; U and Us either positive or negative.
Braking: (U>O & Us <0) or (U<O & Us >0)
Contactor:

• Contactor is an electrically-controlled switch used for

switching an electrical power circuit
• Contactors are used to control electric motors, lighting,
heating, capacitor banks, thermal evaporators, and other
electrical loads
• Contactors has three components the contacts are the current
carrying part of the contactor
• This includes power contacts,auxillary contacts,and contact
springs

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Programmable logic control:
• A progammable logic control is an industrial digital computer
which has been adapted for the control of manufacturing
processes, such as assembly lines, or robotic devices, or any
activity that requires high reliability control and ease of
programming and process fault diagnosis.
• Plc can range from small modular devices with tens of inputs
and outputs(I/O).
• They can be designed for multiple arrangements of digital and
analog I/O

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Plc wiring:

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Plc :

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Types of plc:
• In general there are two types of plc available based on their
bus system:
• 1. standard cpu :- power supply/cpu/i/o are separately
connected.
• 2. compacts cpu :- power supply + cpu + i/o modules all are
connected together in a single module.

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8 channel Relay :
• 8 channel relay is a simple and convenient way to interface 8
relays for switching application.
• Easy interface with microcontrollers based projects and
analogcircuits.

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Applications :
Industrial
– Fans, Pumps, Compressors
– Conveying Systems
 Commercial
– HVAC Compressors
– Pumps and Air Handlers
 Residential
– Variable Speed HVAC equipment
– Energy Efficient Washing Machines
Advantages:
VVVFD acts like a reduced voltage starter
to limit the inrush current
when the motor starts.
It increases power factor.
It Can be linked into process
control systems to provide
feedback to PLC’s.
If there is a problem with the drive,
it can be bypassed easily and
the motor operated
without the drive.
It lowers the system maintenance.
It may eliminate the need for
complex belt, gearboxes , etc.
 it can control multiple motors from
the same drive.
 It reduces size requirements
and the final cost.
Conclusion:
The first and most obvious way a VVVF can save money is
through increasing the efficiency of your induction motor and
decrease electricity use.
The amount of energy that VVVF can save depends on the
average load of the motor and the number of hours per day it
is turned on.
While average energy savings varies , its safe to say that most
AC motors do not to be running at full capacity for most hours
of their use.
Further more, the initial cost of a motor or VVVFD is generally
only a fraction of the cost of operating the motor over its life
span , this means VVVF system usually pays for itself in a
matter of month or years.
Special thanks to:
DR. Sardar Ali Sir (HOD of EEE dept)
 SMM Mudassir
 Shaziya
Reference:
Zubair – Enrun India