Infinitive or –ING form /GERUND?

Swimming/ To swim is good exercise

Mary needs to leave/ leaving early.
I dislike to get up /getting up early
I look forward to meeting/meet you
 Key
► Swimming is good exercise

► Mary needs to leave early.

►I dislike getting up early

►I look forward to meeting you

► Sometimes we need to decide whether to use a
verb in its:
► -ing form /GERUND (doing, singing)

or

► infinitive form (to do, to sing).

► For example, only one of the following sentences

is correct. Which one?
► I dislike working late. (???)
► I dislike to work late. (???)
 When to use the infinitive

1. The infinitive form is used after certain verbs:

- forget, help, learn, teach, train

- choose, expect, hope, need, offer, want, would like
- agree, encourage, pretend, promise, recommend
- allow, can/can't afford, decide, manage, mean, refuse

► I forgot to close the window.

► Mary needs to leave early.
► Why are they encouraged to learn English?
► We can't afford to take a long holiday.
2. The infinitive form is always used after
adjectives, for example:
- disappointed, glad, happy, pleased,
relieved, sad, surprised
► I was happy to help them.
This includes too + adjective:
► The water was too cold to swim in.
The infinitive form is used after
adjective + enough:
► She is rich enough to buy two.
3 . The infinitive form is always used to express
purpose/goals.

►I went to London to improve my English.

►I’m working at the weekends to earn some

pocket money
 When to use –ing / GERUND

The -ing form is used when the word is the

subject of a sentence or clause:
► Swimming is good exercise.
► Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.

The -ing form is used after a preposition:

► I look forward to meeting you.
► They left without saying "Goodbye."
 When to use -ing

► The -ing form is used after certain verbs:

- avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, give up,
mind/not mind, practise

►I dislike getting up early.

► Would you mind opening the window?
► Some verbs can be followed by the -ing
form or the infinitive without a big change
in meaning: begin, continue, hate, intend,
like, love, prefer, propose, start.
► It started to rain.
► It started raining.
► I began to to do my exam at 8.00
► I began doing my exam at 8.00
 GERUND & INFINITVE
BUT DIFFERENT MEANINGS
► STOP
A) I stopped going out with Monica (gave up)
B) I stopped to fill the car tank (interrup)

► REMEMBER
A) I remember hanging around with my friends
(past)
B) Please, remember to send your compositions
(future)
 GERUND & INFINITVE
BUT DIFFERENT MEANINGS
► FORGET

A) We forgot sending our compositions on

time (past)

B) They always forget to do their howework.

(forget to do sth)
 Fill in the blanks with the infinitive or ing form

► 1. We like ______ our grandmother on

Sundays. (visit)
► We like VISITING_ ………
► 2. I might want _____ your Science notes.
(borrow)
I might want TO BORROW
► 3. My father hates _____a tie to work.
(wear)
► My father hates WEARING
► 4. We can't afford ______ a vacation this
summer. (take)
We can't afford TO TAKE ….
► 5. The company was pleased ______ your
thank-you letter. (receive)
The company was pleased TO RECEIVE..
► 6. Would you mind _____ a window? (open
Would you mind OPENING…
► 7.My suitcase is light enough _____
myself. (carry)
My suitcase is light enough TO CARRY

► 8.
She cannot leave the table without
______ her dinner. (finish)
…without FINISHING her dinner.
► 9.The music will continue _______until you
turn it off. (play)
The music will continue PLAYING

► 10.My little brother dislikes ______his hair

brushed. (have)
My little brother dislikes HAVING
 Now, it is your turn to practice with
the expressions

► http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/index
.htm

► More practice? In moodle, as usual!

► Extra WS for final summary
GERUND INFINITIVE INF O TO

►Subject ►After ADJ ►Let

►After preposition ►After certain verbs ►Make
►After certain verbs ►Purpose ►Help
►Be/get used to ►There’s no where ►‘d rather