Internship Presentation

A presentational report by Tawha bin Nasir (2018476) during his time

working in Pakistan Telecommunication Limited (PTCL).
Topics to Cover
01 Introduction
A brief run down of the organization and why I chose it

02 Fiber Optics System

The work allocated from the organization to implement in the
Fiber Optics department

03 Switching
The work I was instructed about during my tenure there

04 Transmission
The work instructed by the organization similarly as the work
allotted in the Switching department
Timeline and Reasons
Why PTCL?

• Pakistan Telecommunication Limited (PTCL) is a

mega corporation and a leading
Initial Two Weeks (July 12th, 2021-July 23rd, 2021) Telecommunication authority in the State of
Two weeks Manager Fiber Ops Attock/Taxilla Pakistan.

• The Telecom sector is one of the leading

professions in the World.

• It is destined to be a leading profession for the

future as it is constantly being updated, changed
Mid-Two Weeks (August 2nd, 2021-August 13th, 2021) and took steps forwards in the advancement of
this particular field.
Two weeks Manager Switching Attock/Taxila
• Supply and Demand

• To fulfill the requirements for the degree of the

Bachelor of Engineering Sciences in a four year
degree program at Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of
Engineering Sciences and Technology.
Last Two Weeks (August 16th, 2021-August 22nd, 2021)
• To see the practical world of what we studied.
Two weeks under Manager Transport Network Taxila/Attock
• To see how practical organizations apply the
knowledge of the theories.

• To make recommendations on the basis of the

studies done.
Fiber Optics

high bandwidth rate while surfing

on the internet

more secure than traditional

copper wires

Less susceptible to noise. Outstandingly with

all the benefits it’s considerably cheaper to
make and manufacture as well

It comes out as fragile and weak. As well as

being detrimental to the human eye if
exposed.
 Fiber Optic Splicing

1: Strip Fiber Cable Jacket

14: Mount the splice Enclosure 2: Strip Fiber Tubes:

13: Perform OTDR test 3: Clean Cable Gel:

12: Place splice into splice tray 4: Secure Cable Tubes:

11: Heat shrinks the protection sleeve 5: Strip first splicing fiber:

10: Fusion Splicing 6: Place the fusion fiber protection sleeve:

9: Prepare the second fiber being spliced: 7: Clean the Bare Fibers:

8: Fiber Cleaving:
 Other Terminologies/Instruments

01 OTDR 02 NMS

An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an  A Network Management System (NMS)

optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber. is an application or a set of applications
An OTDR is the optical equivalent of an electronic  that lets administrators manage a
time domain reflectometer. It injects a series of optical pulses
network’s independent components
into the fiber under test and extracts, from the same end of
the fiber, light that is scattered (Rayleigh backscatter) or
inside a bigger network management
reflected back from points along the fiber. The scattered or framework. NMS maybe used to monitor
reflected light that is gathered back is used to characterize the both software and hardware components
optical fiber. This is equivalent to the way that an electronic in a network. It usually records data from
time-domain meter measures reflections caused by changes a network’s remote points to carry out
in the impedance of the cable under test. The strength of the system reporting to system administrator.
return pulses is measured and integrated as a function of time
, and plotted as a function of length of the fiber.

There are basically three different
kind of switching vendors currently
operational in PTCL network:
Alcatel, ZTE and Huaweii
SWITCHING
Switching technology is used to connect
and terminate consumer’s calls. It assigns
voice IP and TID (Termination Id) to a call.
This work is done by MSANs aka MSAGs
The NMS (Network Management
System) of Switching has
implemented Ring Topology so that
if network is down from one side of
an MSAG it will re-route from the
other side of Ring.
 S W I T C H I N G (cont’d)

1 of alarms related to an
A GISB provides both VOIP
(voice over IP) and data i.e.
ADSL. For GISB only indoor
have soft switches and only
indoor can be controlled by soft
switches.
Red  Dead
2 Yellow  Warning
Blue  Active
There are different types
MSAG. These alarms are
Soft Switches are soft wares identified from their colors
that control working of MSAGs. which are as follows.
Every Information regarding an
MSAG is available on a soft
switch. If an MSAG is down or
having any issue it will be
reported on soft switch.
 TRANSMISSION

There are two different kind of transmission

technologies currently operational in PTCL network:
ZTE and Huaweii

As MSAG’s are used in switching, in

transmission we have SDH and DWDM.

Ring topology is used in transmission

because if one side connection is lost. The
other side can recover its traffic.
Each transmission line between the two ends have its own threshold
value, which is assign by the vendor, operator resets the
transmission line and send the voltage in each line. That voltage
deteriorates till the end point, if the end point value is very near to
the threshold value then the operator informs the field team to
inspect the line. The field team use a device name OTDR
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