Republic of the Philippines

CITY ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

OFFICE
CARDP Bldg., Motorpool Compd., Doongan, Butuan City

Air Pollution Mitigation, Prevention,

Governing Laws and Policies

ENGR. SHERWIN P. PULIDO

Public Services Officer II
Environmental Protection & Planning Division

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HOW IMPORTANT THE AIR IS TO HUMAN?

 Human can live without food for five weeks

 Human can live without water for five days

 Human will never survive without air for more than five minutes

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What is Air Pollution?
Air pollution is the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or
outside.

It occurs when any harmful gases,

dust, smoke enters into the
atmosphere and makes it difficult for
plants, animals and humans to survive
as the air becomes dirty.

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20211112/Will-the-future-of-global-
health-rely-upon-addressing-air-pollution.aspx

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 Types of Pollutants
Primary Pollutants - can be caused by primary
sources or secondary sources. The pollutants that are
a direct result of the process can be called primary
pollutants. An example of a primary pollutant is the
sulfur-dioxide emitted from factories

Secondary Pollutants - are the ones that are caused

by the inter mingling and reactions of primary
pollutants. Smog created by the interactions of
several primary pollutants is known to be as
secondary pollutant.

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 MAJOR SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

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 MAJOR SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

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 Causes of Air Pollution
Burning of Fossil Fuels - Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion
of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles is one
the major cause of air pollution.

https://terrapass.com/blog/consequences-of-burning-fossil-fuels

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 Causes of Air Pollution
Agricultural activities - Use of insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers
in agricultural activities emits harmful chemicals into the air and can
also cause water pollution.

https://naturalenergyhub.com/pollution/agricultural-pollution-causes-effects-types-
prevention-methods/

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 Causes of Air Pollution
Exhaust from factories and industries -  Manufacturing industries
release large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic
compounds, and chemicals into the air thereby depleting the quality
of air.

https://sciencing.com/environmental-pollution-caused-by-factories-12071269.html
 Causes of Air Pollution
Mining operations – During the process dust and chemicals are
released in the air causing massive air pollution. This is one of the
reason which is responsible for the deteriorating health conditions of
workers and nearby residents.

https://www.azomining.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=1624

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 Causes of Air Pollution

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 Common Effects of Air Pollution
GLOBAL WARMING
Occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants and greenhouse gases collect in the
atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation that have bounced off the earth’s surface.

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 Common Effects of Air Pollution
Depletion of Ozone layer
Ozone depletion is the gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the
upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing
gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.

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 Common Effects of Air Pollution
Threatens Human Health

 Pulmonary Disease
 Cardiovascular Disease
 Eye irritation
 Irritation of respiratory
system
 Increased susceptibility in
viral infection

https://fit.thequint.com/health-news/air-pollution-harmful-effects-and-precautions-quiz

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Current Situation of the Philippines

MAXIMUM HEAT INDEX

Actual (Observed)
June 11, 2019

http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/

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 How can we mitigate
Air Pollution?

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 Ways to Reduce Air Pollution
• We can reduce air pollution by
conserving energy by turning off lights,
computers, air conditioners and other
appliances when not in use.

• Replace lights in your establishment/

factory to energy efficient bulbs
https://taraenergy.com/blog/your-guide-to-understanding-energy-
conservation/

• GO green by limiting the use of paper as it may save some trees

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 Ways to Reduce Air Pollution
• Choose materials which are made from recycled materials

• Encourage activities like planting trees once a year among

employees

• Improve machineries or
manufacturing processes
to reduce emissions from
factories

https://www.recyclingtoday.com/article/america-recycles-day-20-
anniversary/

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 How & Why we need to reduce air pollution?

Reducing emission of greenhouse gases mitigate

ozone depletion that causes climate change and
other harmful environmental phenomena.

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 GOVERNING LAWS

REPUBLIC ACT 8749

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

The Act provides for the creation of a national program of air pollution
management focusing primarily on pollution prevention; for the promotion of
mass media communication in order to create social awareness and active
participation in air quality planning and monitoring. 

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 PROHIBITED ACTS

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 Pollution from other Sources

Section 24. Pollution from Smoking

• Smoking inside the public building or an enclosed public place including

public vehicles and other means of transport or in any enclosed area
outside of one’s private residence, private place of work or any duly
designated smoking area is hereby prohibited under this Act. This
provision shall be implemented by the LGUs

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 Pollution from other Sources

Section 25. Pollution from other mobile sources

• The imposition of the appropriate fines and penalties from theses

sources for any violation of emission standards shall be under the
jurisdiction of the DOTC

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24 Planet
 FINES AND PENALTIES
• Violation of Standards for Stationary Sources
- a fine not more than one hundred thousand pesos (Php 100,000.00)
for everyday violation.

The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by at least

ten percent (10%) every three (3) years compensate for
inflation and to maintain to deterrent function of such
fines.

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25 Planet
 FINES AND PENALTIES
Violation of Standards for Standard Motor Vehicle
– no motor vehicle shall be registered with the DOTC unless it meets the
emission standards set by the Department

The driver and operator of the apprehended vehicle shall undergo seminar on
pollution control and management conducted by the DOTC and shall suffer the
following penalties:

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26 Planet
 FINES AND PENALTIES

a. ) First Offense - a fine not exceed Two thousand pesos (Php2,000.00)

b.) Second Offense - a fine not less than Two thousand pesos (Php2,000.00)
and not to exceed Four thousand pesos (Php4,000.00)

c.) Third Offense - one (1) year suspension of the Motor Vehicle

Registration (MVR) and a fine of of not less than Four

thousand pesos (Php4,000) and not more than Six
thousand pesos (Php6,000.00)

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 BUTUAN CITY SP ORDINANCE
No. 2123- 97
AN ORDINANCE PRESCRIBING GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION, CONTROL AND
ABATEMENT OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES WITHIN BUTUAN CITY,
IMPOSING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

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 Section 3. ENFORCEMENT

A. Motor vehicles that emit smoke

beyond the standard emission level of
66% Hartridge Smoke Unit (HSU) in
Hartridge Smoke Meter Test or 20 %
capacity in a Ringlemanns’s chart, or its
equivalent in a smoke testing machine;
B. Any motor vehicle emitting black
smoke/ pollutants shall be
apprehended and its operation
suspended, and/or the vehicle plate be
removed by an LTO representative, and
the same be lifted or returned only until
such time that the defect shall have
been corrected or an appropriate anti-
pollution device shall have been
installed.

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 Section 3. ENFORCEMENT

a) A testing fee of P50.00 shall be assessed for every motor vehicle

whose owner/ operator shall submit such vehicle voluntarily for
the required smoke emission test;

b) Any owner/ operator whose motor vehicle does not pass the
smoke emission test during actual inspection of operation as
provided for in Section 2-a hereof, shall suffer the following
penalties:
b-1) 1st Offense - a fine of P200.00
b-2) 2 Offense
nd
- a fine of P400.00
b-3) 3 Offense and subsequent Offenses – a fine of P600.00
rd

the impounding of the subject motor vehicle.

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 SP ORDINANCE NO. 5598-2018
SMOKE FREE ORDINANCE OF BUTUAN CITY

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 SMOKE FREE ORDINANCE OF BUTUAN CITY
PROHIBITED ACTS
SMOKING AND TOLERATING SMOKING PLACES,
WORKPLACES AND CONVEYANCES
Sec. 5.1. Smoking/vaping in enclosed
places/workplaces/ public conveyances/public
places
Sec. 5.2. Person in-charge who are allowing or
tolerating the smoking/vaping in places
enumerated in Sec. 5.1 outside of an approved
Designated Smoking/Vaping Area.
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PENALTY
1st Offense - ₱ 500.00
2nd Offense - ₱ 1,000.00
3rd Offense - ₱ 2,500.00 and/or
imprisonment not exceeding 1
year, or both at the discretion of
the court.
Suspension or revocation of
business licenses or permit in
case of a business entity or
establishment if applicable.
32
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 SMOKE FREE ORDINANCE OF BUTUAN CITY

PROHIBITED ACTS
SALES/ACCESS RESTRICTION PENALTY
Sec. 5.3. Selling Tobacco/ENDS in a school, public
playground or other facility frequented by minors,
hospitals and health facilities or within 100 meters 1st Offense - ₱ 2,000.00
from any point in the perimeter of these places. 2nd Offense - ₱ 3,000.00
3rd Offense - ₱ 5,000.00
Sec. 5.4. Selling tobacco/ENDS within premises of and/or imprisonment not
government facility. exceeding 1 year, or both at
the discretion of the court.

Sec. 5.5. Selling Tobacco/ENDS to minors. Suspension or revocation of

business licenses or permit in
case of a business entity or
establishment if applicable.
Sec. 5.6. Purchasing Tobacco/ENDS from minors.
33

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 SMOKE FREE ORDINANCE OF BUTUAN CITY

PROHIBITED ACTS
ADVERTISEMENT AND PROMOTION BAN PENALTY
Sec. 5.7. Placing cinema & outdoor advertisement
of tobacco products and/or ENDS.
1st Offense - ₱ 2,000.00
2nd Offense - ₱ 3,000.00
Sec. 5.8 Posting or advertising Tobacco/ENDS, 3rd Offense - ₱ 5,000.00 and/or
including those within point-of-sale imprisonment not exceeding 1
establishments. year, or both at the discretion of
the court.
Suspension or revocation of
Sec. 5.9 Displaying and placing tobacco products business licenses or permit in
and/or ENDS in open store shelves/racks, except case of a business entity or
in enclosed, opaque and single-colored establishment if applicable.
storages/containments.
34

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 SMOKE FREE ORDINANCE OF BUTUAN CITY

PROHIBITED ACTS
ACCESS RESTRICTION PENALTY

Sec. 5.17 Ordering, instructing or compelling a

minor to use, light up, buy, sell, distribute, deliver,
advertise or promote tobacco prodcts/ENDS. 1st Offense - ₱ 2,000.00
2nd Offense - ₱ 3,000.00
3rd Offense - ₱ 5,000.00 and/or
Sec. 5.18. No city Permits to sell Tobacco/ENDS. () imprisonment not exceeding 1
year, or both at the discretion of
Sec 5.19. Selling of Tobacco/ENDS per stick, or in the court.
packs containing less than 20 sticks.
Suspension or revocation of
business licenses or permit in
Sec 5.20. Selling Tobacco/ENDS removed from its case of a business entity or
original product packaging or without the proper establishment if applicable.
government-regulated and approved health
35
warning.

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 SMOKE FREE ORDINANCE OF BUTUAN CITY

PROHIBITED ACTS

ACCESS RESTRICTION PENALTY

Sec 5.21 Selling Tobacco/ENDS by street vendors and 1st Offense - ₱ 2,000.00
other temporary stalls. 2nd Offense - ₱ 3,000.00
3rd Offense - ₱ 5,000.00
and/or imprisonment not
exceeding 1 year, or both at
the discretion of the court.
Sec 5.22 Selling sweets, toys and other objects bearing
resemblance to the logo/indica/packaging of Suspension or revocation of
tobacco/ENDS. business licenses or permit in
case of a business entity or
establishment if applicable.

36

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 SMOKE FREE ORDINANCE OF BUTUAN CITY

PROHIBITED ACTS

FAILURE OF THE PERSON-IN-CHARGE TO PERFORM

PENALTY
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Not posting the “No Smoking” or “No Vaping” signage. 1st Offense - ₱ 2,000.00
2nd Offense - ₱ 3,000.00
3rd Offense - ₱ 5,000.00 and/or
imprisonment not exceeding 1
2. Not providing ashtrays and an receptacles for disposing year, or both at the discretion of
cigarette in the designated Smoking/Vaping Area. the court.

Suspension or revocation of
business licenses or permit in case
3. Not removing ashtrays and any receptacles for disposing of a business entity or
cigarette in all places where smoking/vaping is prohibited. establishment if applicable.

37

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 SMOKE FREE ORDINANCE OF BUTUAN CITY

PROHIBITED ACTS
FAILURE OF THE PERSON-IN-CHARGE TO
PERFORM DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES PENALTY

4. Persons-in-charge of school, public playgrounds or

other facilities frequented by minors, hospitals and 1st Offense - ₱ 2,000.00
health facilities, who failed to report to the Smoke 2nd Offense - ₱ 3,000.00
Free Task Force any Tobacco products/ENDS selling, 3rd Offense - ₱ 5,000.00
advertising and/or promotion located 100 meters and/or imprisonment not
from its perimeter. exceeding 1 year, or both at
the discretion of the court.
5. No permit to retail/wholesale tobacco/ENDS from
Business Permits and Licensing Division (BPLD). Suspension or revocation of
business licenses or permit in
6. Persons-in-charge of point-of-scale establishment case of a business entity or
who failed to remove all forms of tobacco/ENDS establishment if applicable.
advertisement/promotions paraphernalia. 38

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