Aditya Bansal

IT-7th Sem
 What is a Display?
A display output surface and projecting
mechanism that shows text and often graphic
images to the user, using a cathode ray tube ,
liquid crystal display ,light-emitting diode, or
other image projection technology. The
display is usually considered to include
the screen or projection surface and the
device that produces the information on the
screen.
 History

One of the earliest electronic displays is the cathode ray tube (CRT), which

was made commercial in 1922. The CRT consists of an electron gun that forms
images by firing electrons onto a phosphor-coated screen. The earliest CRTs
were monochrome and were used primarily in oscilloscopes  and black and
white televisions. The first commercial color CRT was produced in 1954.[1]
 CRTs were the single most popular display technology used in television sets
and computer monitors for over half a century; it was not until the 2000s that
LCDs began to gradually replace them.
Screenless Display
Screenless display is the
advanced display technology
in the field of the computer-
enhanced technologies. As
the word screenless , refers
clearly means having no
screen. A display which helps
to display and dispatch any
information without the aid
of screens can be
ascertained as screenless
Display . The lack of space
which forges a major flaw for
screen-based displays acts as
an accrual scope for
screenless displays.
 Benefits

• Higher Resolution images

• Greater Portability
• Ability to present far-point images
• Wider Angle of View
 Types of Screenless Display

• Visual Image

• Retinal Direct Display

• Synaptic Interface
 Visual Image

• Visual Image is a type of screenless display where the eye

or the retina can recognize any screenless image. The
display works on the principle that; light gets reflected by
the intermediate object before reaching the retina. The
intermediate object can be holograms, windows, or even
LCDs.
 I am not real Hologram
I’m Projected holographic image  
Holograms were used
mostly in
telecommunications as an
alternative to screens.

Holograms could be
transmitted directly, or
they could be stored in
various storage
devices(such as holodiscs)
the storage device can be
hooked up with a holo
projector in order for the
Holograms are a bit like photographs that never die. They
look like three-dimensional photos that have somehow got
trapped inside glass, plastic, or metal.
 Displair

Displair is a 3D interactive display technology developed by a Russian

company of the same name. The Displair projects images onto sheets of
water droplets suspended in air, giving the illusion of a hologram
 Google Glass

Google Glass is a type of wearable technology with an optical head-mounted display

(OHMD). Google Glass displays information in a smartphone-like hands-free format.
Wearers communicate with the Internet via natural language voice commands.
 Features
• Record videos, take pictures
• Show messages
• Find information
• Show maps
• Live video sharing
• Integrates Google Now
• Translate
 Heads Up Display

Heads Up Display (HUD) are transparent displays. They can be useful for

aeroplanes, automobiles, computer games etc. The device will project
information on a windshield such that the users do not need to look away
from their field of view. An ordinary HUD contains a projector unit,
combiner and a computer as its components. Projector Unit will project the
image and the combiner will redirect the projected image such that we can
see the field of view and the projected image at the same time.
Computer is an interface between projector unit and data to be displayed. Recent
‘Portable Garmin’s HUD’ for automobiles projects navigation information onto the
windshield. The device is placed on the dashboard of the car which works wirelessly
with a Bluetooth enabled smartphone. Estimated arrival time, lane assist, speed, traffic
and safety camera alerts are the informations displayed. ‘Russian Hudway App’ utilizes
just a smartphone (no projector) to act as HUD. It keeps track of speed, location,
coming curves and hills in road, and distance by using the device accelerometer and
GPS. Many aircrafts (e.g.: Embraer 190, PZL TS-11 Iskra), air buses, cars (e.g.: BMW E60,
2013 Toyota Prius) are using this device. 
 Virtual Retinal Display

•Virtual retinal display systems are a class of screen less displays in which images are

projected directly onto the retina.
•Retinal display light is not reflected off an immediate object , like in a visual image,
but it is projected directly on the retina.
•The user sees what appears to be a conventional display floating in space in front of
them.
•Retinal Direct systems promise of extreme privacy when computing
work is done in public places because most inquiring relies on viewing the same light
as the person who is legitimately viewing the screen , and retinal direct systems send
light only into the pupils of their intended viewer.
 How vision works

We can see things because of reflected light. Light bounces of an

object and enters in our eye. This light then focuses on the retina to
form an image.
 Retinal Projection

In retinal projection , the light does not have to be

reflected off an object. The light is projected directly
onto the retina to form an image.
Oculus rift
• The Oculus Rift is a virtual reality head-mounted display developed by Oculus VR,
the Rift uses an OLED panel for each eye, each having a resolution of 1080x1200.
• Low persistence makes the scene appear visually stable , increasing the potential
for our presence.
•We can play games in 360 degree head tracking.
•Oculus Rift provides an approximately 110 degree field of view.
• Oculus is including Oculus Cinema as a free application , which will allow the
Rift to be used to view conventional movies and videos from inside a virtual
cinema environment, giving the user the perception of viewing the content
on a cinema sized screen.
• In order to work, the Rift must be connected by a cable to a PC running
Microsoft Windows that will run the software (it is not a standalone device).
• This computer should be equipped with a powerful GPU at least equivalent
to a NVIDIA GTX 970 or AMD 290, and a CPU at least equivalent to Intel i5-
4590.
Synaptic Interface
• Synaptic Interface is type of Screenless display does not use
light at all.
• Visual Image and information completely bypasses the eye
and is Transmitted directly to the brain.
• Success has been achieved in sampling video signals from the
biological eyes of a living horse shoe crab through their optic
nerves and sending video signals from device to creatures
brain.
 Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology which allows a human

to control a computer, peripheral, or other electronic device with
thought.

It does so by using electrodes to detect electric signals in the brain

which are sent to a computer.

The computer then translates these electric signals into data which is
used to control a computer or a device linked to a computer.
 Uses
• Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind
person, allowing them to see.
• Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf
person, allowing them to hear.
• Allow gamers to control video games with
their minds.
 Future Scope
• Screenless Displays is on the way of progress.
Technological experts are taking great efforts in
researching the topic day by day, so we all can expect
a great revolution in the field of displays
• Companies are working out to bring more screenless
mobiles, TV’s, cameras and laptops for the coming
generation.
• Intelligent Glasses that can translate foreign text
while reading is a current innovative product brought
out by Japan.
• Google is developing a compact video camera which
uses this new advancing technology.
 Research Papers
• http://www.ijera.com/papers/vol
%201%20issue%203/
XC013942947.pdf#page=1&zoom=auto,-
103,842
• http://ijrest.net/downloads/volume-2/special-
issue-1/pid-m15ug603.pdf
 References
https://www.mepits.com
http://www.techspurs.com/
http://www.academia.edu/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://www.google.com