File Handling:

Agenda

 ① Introduction to File Handling

 ② Types of files

 ③ File Handling steps

 ⑥ File opening modes

 ⑤ Write, append, read, search, modify and delete file data

 ⑥ Removing and renaming a file

 ⑦ Various attributes of file

 ⑧ Pickle
File Handling:
 Data stored in Python variables persists for short span of
time .

 Sometimes you want to store data for longer period of

time (say years), or at least beyond the life of the
program .

 In such cases you need to store your data in secondary

storage .

 Data stored in secondary storage like hard disk, as the

logical entity called File.
File Handling:
 In Python, you want to write code to read content of the
file or write content into the file.

 Sometimes you want to modify or delete content of the

file .

 Such operations are needful in most of the programming

projects. we call this code -File Handling.
Two Types of Files:
①Text file

 It stores data as a sequence of characters.

 Data is stored in the form of ASCII characters.

 Text files are organized around lines, each of which ends

with a new line character (‘\n’).

 Even the .py file(source file) is a text file.

② Binary files

 Data is stored as a sequence of bytes.

 It is normally used to store non-textual information.

File Handling Steps:
 Step-1 : Open a file

 Step-2 : Read / Write

 Step-3 : Close a file

Step-1 : Open a file

 f = open (File name , File opening_mode]

Step-3 : Close a file

 f. close()
File Opening Modes:

Mode Action
r FileNotFoundError, when file not available. Read only.

w Create new empty file if not exists . Erase old data, write
only.

a Append data, create if not exists write only.

r+ FileNotFoundError, when file not available. Read and

write.
w+ Write and Read. Create file when not exist. Erase old
data.
a+ Append and Read. Create file, when not exist.
How to write text in a file?:
 def writing(filename, text):

f = open (filename , “w”)

f. write (text)

f.close()

 def writing(filename, text):

with open(filename , “w" ) as f:

f. write (text)
How to append data in a file?:
 def append(filename, text):

f = open (filename , “a”)

f. write (text)

f.close()

 def append(filename, text):

with open(filename , “a" ) as f:

f. write (text)
How to read text from a file?:
def reading(filename):

try:

f=open(filename,'r')

text=f.read()

print(text)

f.close()

except FileNotFoundError:

print("File Not Found.")

How to search a word in a file?:
def search(filename,word):
try:
f=open(filename,'r')
line_count=0
for line in f.readlines():
line_count+=1
strlist=line.split(' ')
word_count=0
for w in strlist:
word_count+=1
if word==w:
return(line_count,word_count)
else:
return None
f.close()
except FileNotFoundError:
print('File Not Found')
How to modify data in a file?:
 def modify(filename, oldword, newword):
t = search (filename, oldword)
if t! = None:
mylist = []
try:
f = open (filename, "r")
for line in f.readlines():
line = line. Replace(oldword, newword)
mylist.append(line)
f.close()
f = open(filename, "w")
f.write(".join(mytist))
f.close()
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found")
else:
print("search failed”)
How to delete content of the file?:
 Same as modify, just give new word as empty string.

Renaming a file

import os

os.rename(“file1.txt”, “file2.text”)

Removing a file

import os

os.remove(“file2.text”)
Various attributes of file object:
 f.name

 f.mode

 f.closed

 f.write(text)

 f.writelines(list of lines)

 f.read()

 f.read(n)

 f.readline()

 f.readlines()
Pickle:
 pickle is a python module. pickling is a way to convert a
Python object into a character stream.

 For pickling and unpicking, file opening mode should be

binary that is rb, wb, ab, rb+, wb+, ab+

How to store python object in a file?:

import pickle

student1 = {'rollno': 205, 'name': ‘Vijay', 'age': 19}

f = open('student', 'ab')

pickle .dump(student1, f)

f. close()
How to read file data using pickle?:
import pickle

f = open('student', ‘rb')

s = pickle.load(f)

for key in s:

print(key, ‘…..’, s[Key])

f. close()