MANDIBLE

Dr SHAFIQ AHMAD
 THE MANDIBLE
 

The mandible is composed of two halves united at the

symphysis menti.
Each half comprises of
I. Horizontal Body
II. Vertical Ramus
III. Angle Of The Mandible.

The ramus has two superior projections

a. The coronoid process anteriorly
b. The condylar process posteriorly, separated by the
mandibular (or condylar) notch.

The coronoid process gives attachment to the temporalis

muscle
and the condylar process (or head of mandible) articulates
with the base of the skull at the temporomandibular joint.
 THE MANDIBULAR CANAL
The mandibular canal runs in the ramus and body of
the bone, transmitting the inferior alveolar artery
(branch of the maxillary artery) and nerve (branch of
the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve).
The mandibular canal opens proximally as the
mandibular foramen on the inner surface of the upper
ramus, and its distal opening is the mental foramen on
the external surface of the body below and between the
two premolars.

The muscles of the floor of the mouth, including the

medial pterygoid muscles, are attached to the inner
surface of the mandible and the muscles of mastication
are attached to its outer surface.
 THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

 This is a synovial joint between the condyle of the mandible and

the temporal bone.
The temporal articular surface consists of a fossa posteriorly,
the temporomandibular fossa, and a prominence anteriorly, the
articular tubercle.
a fibrocartilaginous disc divides the joint into separate smaller
upper and larger lower compartments, each lined by a synovial
membrane.
 The disc is described as having anterior and posterior bands
with a thin zone in the middle, and is attached to the joint
capsule.
The anterior band is also attached to the lateral pterygoid muscle.
 The posterior band is attached to the temporal bone by bands of
fibres called the translational zone.
 The upper compartment is involved in translational movements
and the lower in rotational movements
 THE TEETH
There are 20 deciduous or milk teeth; in the adult these are
replaced by 32 permanent teeth. The complement of teeth in each
quadrant is as follows:
•  

 In the child: two incisors, one canine, two molars.

 In the adult: two incisors, one canine, two premolars, three
molars.

Each tooth has its own root embedded in a separate socket.

 The neck of the tooth is covered by the firm fibrous tissue of the

gum, and this is covered by the mucous membrane of the mouth.

THANKS