SURVEYING

PROFESSOR: ENGR. CAROL ALCID-GAVINO

DATE: 10/19/2022
FINALS PERIOD
 2
Announcements:

 Course Syllabus is posted

 New Course Schedule is posted.
 The class will start at 5:15 pm. Make sure to have with you your CALCULATOR. We
will have a random recitation.
 The attendance sheet is in the chat box.

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 3
Intended Learning Outcome

 Analyze latitude and departure

 Analyze problems using compass rule and transit rule

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 TRAVERSING AND
TRAVERSE COMPUTATION
LECTURE 6
 5
LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE

 LATITUTE  DEPARTURE
 It is the projection on to the reference meridian  It is the projection on to the reference parallel
or north-south line. or an east-west line.
 Referred to as northings and southings

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 6
SAMPLE PROBLEM

 Determine the latitude and departure of

COURSE DISTANCE BEARING
the lines.
AB 542.54 M N 54°12’54” W

BC 452.22 M S 42°32’22” E

CD 354.14 M S 16°25’33” W

DE 440.78 M N 65°08’44” E

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

Determine the latitude and departure
of the lines.
COURS DISTANC
BEARING
7
E E

AB 542.54 M N 54°12’54” W

BC 452.22 M S 42°32’22” E

CD 354.14 M S 16°25’33” W

DE 440.78 M N 65°08’44” E

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 8
ERROR IN CLOSURE

 Closure in Latitude
 The difference between the north and south latitude designed here as C L
 Closure in Departure
 The difference between the east and west latitude designed here as C D

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 9
IMPORTANT!

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 10
SAMPLE PROBLEM

Given the data below determine the following latitude, departure, linear error of closure, bearing of the
side of error and precision of the measurements.

COURSE LENGTH (M) AZIMUTH FROM NORTH

AB 600.07 58°20’41”
BC 519.85 295°20’17”
CD 599.30 230°34’21”
DA 448.83 110°35’35”

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 Given the data below determine the
following latitude, departure, linear
error of closure, bearing of the side of
error and precision of the
measurements.
11
COU LENGT AZIMUTH FROM
RSE H (M) NORTH

AB 600.07 58°20’41”

BC 519.85 295°20’17”

CD 599.30 230°34’21”

DA 448.83 110°35’35”

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 Given the data below determine the
following latitude, departure, linear
error of closure, bearing of the side of
error and precision of the
measurements.
12
COU LENGT AZIMUTH FROM
RSE H (M) NORTH

AB 600.07 58°20’41”

BC 519.85 295°20’17”

CD 599.30 230°34’21”

DA 448.83 110°35’35”

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 Given the data below determine the
following latitude, departure, linear
error of closure, bearing of the side of
error and precision of the
measurements.
13
COU LENGT AZIMUTH FROM
RSE H (M) NORTH

AB 600.07 58°20’41”

BC 519.85 295°20’17”

CD 599.30 230°34’21”

DA 448.83 110°35’35”

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 Given the data below determine the
following latitude, departure, linear
error of closure, bearing of the side of
error and precision of the
measurements.
14
COU LENGT AZIMUTH FROM
RSE H (M) NORTH

AB 600.07 58°20’41”

BC 519.85 295°20’17”

CD 599.30 230°34’21”

DA 448.83 110°35’35”

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 LENGT AZIMUTH FROM
COURSE LATITUDE DEPARTURE
H (M) NORTH

AB 600.07 58°20’41” 15
Given the data below determine the
following latitude, departure, linear
error of closure, bearing of the side of BC 519.85 295°20’17”
error and precision of the
measurements. CD 599.30 230°34’21”

DA 448.83 110°35’35”

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 16
TRAVERSE ADJUSTMENT

 It is necessary that the traverse is geometrically consistent before coordinates or areas are
determined, or prior to determining the location of lines from the traverse stations.

Compass Rule

Transit Rule
Traverse
Adjustment
Least Squares
Method

Crandall
Method
Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation
 17
COMPASS RULE

 Also known as Bowditch Rule.

 Very popular rule in adjusting closed traverse.
 It is based on the assumption that all lengths were measured with equal care and all angles
take with approximately the same precision.

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 18
COMPASS RULE

Adjusted length and

direction

To determine the adjusted latitude of any course the latitude correction is either added or subtracted
from the computed lat. of the course

Rule: If the sum of the north latitudes exceeds the sum of the south latitudes, latitude correction are subtracted
from north latitude and added to corresponding south latitude. However, if the sum of the south lat. Exceeds the sum
of the north latitudes, the corrections are applied in the opposite manner.

Similar procedure when adjusting departure.

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation
 19
SAMPLE PROBLEM

Given the data below determine the following latitude, departure, linear error of closure, bearing of the
side of error, relative error of closure, adjusted length and bearing.

COURSE LENGTH (M) BEARING

AB 436.95 S 53°17’ E
BC 481.78 N 44°26’ E
CD 416.05 N 56°19’ W
DA 466.08 S 47°34’ W

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

Given the data below determine the
following latitude, departure, linear error
of closure, bearing of the side of error,
relative error of closure, adjusted length
and bearing.
20
COUR LENGTH BEARING
SE (M)
AB 436.95 S 53°17’ E

BC 481.78 N 44°26’ E

CD 416.05 N 56°19’ W

DA 466.08 S 47°34’ W

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

CO
LENGT
UR BEARING LATITUDE DEPARTURE
H (M)
SE
AB 436.95 S 53°17’ E
21
BC 481.78 N 44°26’ E

CD 416.05 N 56°19’ W

DA 466.08 S 47°34’ W

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

COU LENG CORRECTION FOR CORRECTION
BEARING LATITUDE DEPARTURE
RSE TH (M) LAT. FOR DEP.
22
AB 436.95 S 53°17’ E

BC 481.78 N 44°26’ E

CD 416.05 N 56°19’ W

DA 466.08 S 47°34’ W

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

COU CORRECTION CORRECTION
LATITUDE DEPARTURE ADJ. LAT. ADJ. DEP.
RSE FOR LAT. FOR DEP.
23
AB

BC

CD

DA

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 24
TRANSIT RULE

 Similar to compass rule.

 Main difference: the latitude and departure corrections depends on the length of the
latitude and departure of the course respectively instead of both depending on the length
of the course

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 25
TRANSIT RULE

Adjusted length and

direction

To determine the adjusted latitude of any course the latitude correction is either added or subtracted
from the computed lat. of the course

Rule: If the sum of the north latitudes exceeds the sum of the south latitudes, latitude correction are subtracted
from north latitude and added to corresponding south latitude. However, if the sum of the south lat. Exceeds the sum
of the north latitudes, the corrections are applied in the opposite manner.

Similar procedure when adjusting departure.

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation
 26
SAMPLE PROBLEM

Given the data below determine the following balance these quantities by transit rule.

LENGTH
COURSE BEARING LATITUDE DEPARTURE
(M)
AB 436.95 S 53°17’ E -261.23 350.26
BC 481.78 N 44°26’ E 344.02 337.28
CD 416.05 N 56°19’ W 230.74 -346.20
DA 466.08 S 47°34’ W -314.18 -344.00

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

COURSE LENGTH (M) BEARING LATITUDE DEPARTURE

27
AB 436.95 S 53°17’ E -261.23 350.26

BC 481.78 N 44°26’ E 344.02 337.28

CD 416.05 N 56°19’ W 230.74 -346.20

DA 466.08 S 47°34’ W -314.18 -344.27

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

COURSE LENGTH (M) BEARING LATITUDE DEPARTURE

28
AB 436.95 S 53°17’ E -261.23 350.26

BC 481.78 N 44°26’ E 344.02 337.28

CD 416.05 N 56°19’ W 230.74 -346.20

DA 466.08 S 47°34’ W -314.18 -344.27

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 29

COUR LENGTH
BEARING LATITUDE DEPARTURE ADJ. LAT ADJ, DEP.
SE (M)

AB 436.95 S 53°17’ E -261.23 350.26

BC 481.78 N 44°26’ E 344.02 337.28

CD 416.05 N 56°19’ W 230.74 -346.20

DA 466.08 S 47°34’ W -314.18 -344.27

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 30
ASSIGNMENT # 3

Given the data below determine the following balance these quantities by transit rule and compass rule.
Draw the traverse below. Summarize your answer using a table. DO NOT USE EXCEL.

LENGTH
COURSE BEARING
(M)
AB 511.52 S 69°20’ E
BC 536.55 N 58°26’ E
CD 509.11 N 47°44’ W
DE 293.01 S 34°34’ W
EA 450.55 S 62°32’ w

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation

 31

That is all for the Day. Thank you all. 

“Success is not final; failure is not fatal; It is the courage to continue that counts.”
– Wintson Churchill

Lecture 6: Traversing and Traverse Computation