Chemical Process Principles

Presented by

Engr. Mehwish Batool

 Reference Books

• “ Basic Principles & Calculations in Chemical Engineering” , Himmelblau David, Prentice Hall
PTR

• “ Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes ” , Felder Richard M., Rousseau Ronald W. 3 rd Ed.
John Willey & Sons

• “ Chemical Processes Principles ” , Hougen Olaf A., Watson Kenneth M., John Willey & Sons

• Stoichiometry and Process Calculations , Second Edition K.V.Narayanan,

B.Lakshmikutty
 Stoichiometry

Combination of two Greek words

Stoicheion: Elements
Metron: Measure

Stoichiometry: means representing the exact mass or

moles of the reactants which are required to react
with each other without any wastage and also finding
out the exact mass or moles of the product which will
be formed.
Considering the chemical equation:

4NH3 + 5O2 6H2O + 4NO

Stoichiometry is represented by

 A balanced equation
 In which the coefficients represents the exact number of moles
reacting and getting formed.

Types of Stoichiometry

Mole-Mole: We have to relate the moles of the reactants with moles

of the products.

Mole-Mass: We have to relate the moles of the reactants with mass

of the products.

Mass-Mole: We have to relate the mass of the reactants with moles

of the products.

Mass-Mass: We have to relate the mass of the reactants with mass of

the products.
1 Mole = 6.022 X 1023

1 Mole of Hydrogen = How many atoms

1 Mole of Hydrogen = 6.022 X 1023 atoms = 1 gram

Molar mass = Gram Atomic Mass

1 mole of water = 6.022 X1023 molecules of water = 18gms

Molar mass = Gram Molecular Mass

ACTIVITY
1) 0.5 mole of N2 gas (mass from moles of molecules)
2) 0.5 mole of N atoms ( mass from mole of atoms )
3) 3.011 X 1023 Number of N atoms ( Mass from number )
Basis : 100 Kg of SO3

To find out: Kg of FeS2=?

O2 consumed for 50kg of SO3 produced=?

Solution:
nSO3 = Number of moles =

nso3 = 100/80.06= 1.2491kmol

According to reaction

For 8moles SO3 Produced, FeS2 required = 4moles

1 mole SO3 Produced SO3 Produced, FeS2 required = 4/8
1.2491 mole SO3 Produced SO3 Produced, FeS2 required = 1.2491
= 0.62455Kmol
Number of moles = mass in gram/molecular weight
Mass in gram = Number of moles ×molecular weight = 0.62455 ×119.97
= 74.92 kg

8 moles SO3 for O2 consumed = 15kmoles

1 moles SO3 for O2 consumed = 15/8kmoles
1.2491 moles SO3 for O2 consumed = ×1.2491kmoles
= 2.342 Kmol
Mass in gram = 2.342 × 32
= 74.946Kg
Basis:
100kg of KClO3

Consider Reaction:

2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2

To find out Volume of Oxygen obtained at Standard conditions =?

Solution
Find Kmol of Oxygen from reaction
Molecular weight of Potassium Chlorate = 39 + 35.5 + 16 X 3
= 122.5
Number of moles of potassium chlorate = 100/122.5
= 0.816Kmol
2 Kmole of KClO3 Produces O2= 3 moles
1 Kmole of KClO3 Produces O2 =
0.816 Kmole of KClO3 Produces O2 = ×0.816
= 1.224 Kmole

At Standard conditions =

1 Kmole of oxygen under S.T.P = 22.414 m3

1.224 Kmole of oxygen under S.T.P = 22.414 X 1.224
= 27.43 m3 oxygen produced
Basis:
100 kg of H2 produced

To find out
a) Kgs of Iron (Fe) and steam
b) Value of Hydrogen at standard conditions

Solution:
nH2= Number of moles of hydrogen=

nH2 = = 49.06 Kmole

4 moles of Hydrogen produced by Fe = 3moles
1 moles of Hydrogen produced by Fe =
49.06 moles of Hydrogen produced by Fe = 49.06
= 37.2 Kmole

Now Kgs of Fe = Number of moles × Molecular weight

= 37.2 × 55.35
= 2077.62 Kg

Similarly for Steam

4 moles of Hydrogen for water = 4 moles

1 moles of Hydrogen for water =
49.06 moles of Hydrogen for water = 49.06
= 49.06Kmole

Now Kgs of water = 49.06 ×18 = 883.08 Kg

Value of Hydrogen at Standard conditions

1 Kmol of Hydrogen under Standard conditions =

22.414 m3
49.06 Kmol of Hydrogen under Standard conditions=
22.414 × 49.06
= 1099 m3 Hydrogen produced